Development of an IoT-Based Smart Irrigation System for Efficient Water Management in Uasin Gishu County

Winny Tuitoek Bundotich (), Ramadhani Sinde (), John Tarus () and Titus Kiprop Mengich Maiyo ()
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Winny Tuitoek Bundotich: The Nelson Mandela African Institution of Science and Technology
Ramadhani Sinde: The Nelson Mandela African Institution of Science and Technology
John Tarus: Moi University
Titus Kiprop Mengich Maiyo: The County Government of Uasin Gishu

A chapter in Advancement in Embedded and Mobile Systems, 2026, pp 371-383 from Springer

Abstract: Abstract Food scarcity has recently increased due to climate change, population growth, and decreased land for farming. To mitigate this, measures like encouraging irrigation farming have been implemented, but irrigation faces water scarcity challenges. Efforts to improve water use efficiency include scheduled irrigation system technology, mostly targeting greenhouses and neglecting open-field irrigation. To address these issues, this project developed an IoT-based smart irrigation system for efficient water management. Using an ESP32 microcontroller, sensors monitor critical soil parameters, and the OpenWeather API fetches rainfall predictions. The system automatically controls irrigation valves based on soil moisture levels and rainfall predictions, providing remote valve control and farm information visualization via the Thingsboard cloud platform and mobile app. Data was collected using mixed methods, including questionnaires and focus group discussions with sixteen respondents, selected through purposive sampling. Agile software development methodology, specifically extreme programming, was used to develop the system. Validation involved demonstrations to twenty-seven people, who then interacted with the system and provided feedback through a questionnaire. Respondents agreed that the system met their needs satisfactorily. This system contributes to precise water input and can be advanced to monitor and evaluate irrigated farms in Uasin Gishu County and beyond.

Keywords: Internet of Things; Application Programming Interface; Message Queueing Telemetry Transport (search for similar items in EconPapers)
Date: 2026
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DOI: 10.1007/978-3-031-99219-3_25

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