Synergizing IoT and ESP32 Microcontroller for Enhanced Patient Monitoring System

Anael E. Sam () and Crecent Sembuli ()
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Anael E. Sam: Computational and Communication Science and Engineering (CoCSE), The Nelson Mandela African Institution of Science and Technology (NM-AIST)
Crecent Sembuli: Computational and Communication Science and Engineering (CoCSE), The Nelson Mandela African Institution of Science and Technology (NM-AIST)

A chapter in Advancement in Embedded and Mobile Systems, 2026, pp 417-428 from Springer

Abstract: Abstract In the medical field, traditional methods of requesting assistance, which depend primarily on vocal communication, frequently fall short in critical situations where patients may be unconscious or unable to move. Various systems have been developed to enable patients to alert caregivers about their health conditions. This paper presents an innovative solution utilizing the ESP32 microcontroller to enhance patient assistance through an automated notification system. Our approach integrates NFC and RFID technology with an ESP32 Microcontroller device, enabling patients who can move to easily request help. For those unable to call for assistance, the system employs motion sensors and microphones to passively monitor patient conditions, detecting abnormal movements or sounds from vital equipment such as ventilators or ECG machines. Notifications are sent in real-time to nurses’ or caregivers’ smartphones or a centralized monitoring system via a mobile app. A key feature of our solution is its event logging capability, which collects and stores data for future research, potentially advancing medical care. The use of the ESP32 microcontroller allows for a cost-effective, scalable, and reliable system, distinguishing it from existing solutions and providing a much-needed improvement in patient care in resource-limited settings.

Keywords: IoT; ESP32 microcontroller; Radio Frequency Identification (RFID); Near Field Communication (NFC) (search for similar items in EconPapers)
Date: 2026
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DOI: 10.1007/978-3-031-99219-3_28

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