Possibilistic Logic and Plausible Inference

Didier Dubois and Henri Prade
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Didier Dubois: Université Paul Sabatie, Institut de Recherche en Informatique de Toulouse (IRIT)
Henri Prade: Université Paul Sabatie, Institut de Recherche en Informatique de Toulouse (IRIT)

A chapter in Mathematical Models for Handling Partial Knowledge in Artificial Intelligence, 1995, pp 209-228 from Springer

Abstract: Abstract It is widely acknowledged that classical logic stems from old attempts at developing a formal model of human reasoning. These attempts mainly come from philosophers. The first half of the century has witnessed significant progress in classical logic as a tool for founding mathematical reasoning. In contrast, the last 20 years, and the emergence of Artificial Intelligence, have pointed out the deficiencies of classical logic as a tool for modeling commonsense reasoning. When inferring from incomplete, uncertain or contradictory information, man does not follow the strict rules of classical logic. Simultaneously, a significant revival of non-additive probabilites has been observed, with the emergence of several approaches to uncertainty modelling such as belief functions, fuzzy measures, upper and lower probabilities. Fuzzy set theory (Zadeh, 1965) belongs to this trend, although it has been originally construed as a tool for modeling lexical imprecision in natural language, often referred to as “vagueness”. Possibility theory (Zadeh, 1978; Dubois and Prade, 1988) has been developed on top of fuzzy set theory, by interpreting the membership function of a fuzzy set as a description of the available knowledge about the normal course of things. As opposed to most other theories, possibility theory is an ordinal approach to uncertainty. Putting together possibility theory and logic leads to possibilistic logic (Dubois, Lang and Prade, 1994).

Keywords: Classical Logic; Belief Revision; Possibility Distribution; Default Rule; Possibilistic Logic (search for similar items in EconPapers)
Date: 1995
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DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4899-1424-8_13

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