Estonia

Marge Unt (), Margarita Kazjulja and Viivi Krönström
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Marge Unt: Institute of International Social Studies, Tallinn University
Margarita Kazjulja: Institute of International Social Studies, Tallinn University
Viivi Krönström: Institute of International Social Studies, Tallinn University

Chapter 17 in Extended Working Life Policies, 2020, pp 241-249 from Springer

Abstract: Abstract This chapter aims to provide a broader context to understand extended working lifeWorking life in EstoniaEstonia by describing the socioeconomic background, employment regime, pension system and extended employment patternsEmployment patterns . Estonia is an ageing society with a decreasing working ageWorking age population. Intriguingly, despite this decreasing working ageWorking age population, the number of employed people has increased over recent years due to increasing activity rates and the prolonged working careers of older peopleOlder people . The employment rateEmployment rate(s) of older womenWomen older is especially high compared to other European countries. Overall, there are diverse reasons for the readiness to work beyond retirement ageRetirement age(s) . These are related to the favourable taxTaxes system for working pensioners and relatively low pensions which make working an economic necessity. Older womenWomen older who face higher povertyRisk poverty risksPoverty risk and higher care obligations combined with few opportunities to work part-time are especially vulnerable.

Keywords: Ageing; Eastern Europe; Gender; Extended working life; Estonia; Pensions (search for similar items in EconPapers)
Date: 2020
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Persistent link: https://EconPapers.repec.org/RePEc:spr:sprchp:978-3-030-40985-2_17

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DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-40985-2_17

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