Generative Adversarial Networks for Robust Cryo-EM Image Denoising

Hanlin Gu (), Yin Xian, Ilona Christy Unarta () and Yuan Yao ()
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Hanlin Gu: Hong Kong University of Science and Technology
Yin Xian: Hong Kong Applied Science and Technology Research Institute (ASTRI)
Ilona Christy Unarta: Hong Kong University of Science and Technology
Yuan Yao: Hong Kong University of Science and Technology

Chapter 26 in Handbook of Mathematical Models and Algorithms in Computer Vision and Imaging, 2023, pp 969-1000 from Springer

Abstract: Abstract The cryo-electron microscopy (cryo-EM) becomes popular for macromolecular structure determination. However, the 2D images captured by cryo-EM are of high noise and often mixed with multiple heterogeneous conformations and contamination, imposing a challenge for denoising. Traditional image denoising methods and simple denoising autoencoder cannot work well when the signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) of images is meager and contamination distribution is complex. Thus it is desired to develop new effective denoising techniques to facilitate further research such as 3D reconstruction, 2D conformation classification, and so on. In this chapter, we approach the robust denoising problem for cryo-EM images by introducing a family of generative adversarial networks (GANs), called β-GAN, which is able to achieve robust estimation of certain distributional parameters under Huber contamination model with statistical optimality. To address the denoising challenges, for example, the traditional image generative model might be contaminated by a small portion of unknown outliers, β-GANs are exploited to enhance the robustness of denoising autoencoder. Our proposed method is evaluated by both a simulated dataset on the Thermus aquaticus RNA polymerase (RNAP) and a real-world dataset on the Plasmodium falciparum 80S ribosome dataset (EMPIAR-10028), in terms of mean square error (MSE), peak signal-to-noise ratio (PSNR), structural similarity index measure (SSIM), and 3D reconstruction as well. Quantitative comparisons show that equipped with some designs of β-GANs and the robust ℓ1-autoencoder, one can stabilize the training of GANs and achieve the state-of-the-art performance of robust denoising with low SNR data and against possible information contamination. Our proposed methodology thus provides an effective tool for robust denoising of cryo-EM 2D images and helpful for 3D structure reconstruction.

Keywords: Generative adversarial networks; Autoencoder; Robust statistics; Denoising; Cryo-electron microscopy (search for similar items in EconPapers)
Date: 2023
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Persistent link: https://EconPapers.repec.org/RePEc:spr:sprchp:978-3-030-98661-2_126

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DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-98661-2_126

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