Presidential, Parliamentary, and Hybrid Forms of Government

John M. Carey () and Juan Pablo Micozzi ()
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John M. Carey: Dartmouth College
Juan Pablo Micozzi: Instituto Tecnológico Autónomo de México (ITAM)

Chapter 7 in Handbook of New Institutional Economics, 2025, pp 129-158 from Springer

Abstract: Abstract Foundational scholarship on constitutional regime type favors parliamentarism over presidentialism on grounds that the former fosters democratic stability by better aligning the interests of legislatures and executives. Yet, presidentialism and constitutional hybrids that combine a popularly elected president with a cabinet subject to parliamentary confidence remain abundant even among regimes that engaged in constitutional engineering in recent decades. This chapter describes the key features that distinguish these regime types and how they vary empirically among democracies. We focus especially on how presidents are elected and on the policymaking powers they wield, such as decree authority, control of the legislative agenda, and the veto. We review two trends from recent decades—loosening restrictions on presidential reelection and legislative replacement of presidents during government crises—that suggest convergence with parliamentarism in practice.

Keywords: Parliamentarism; Presidentialism; Semi-presidential; Hybrid regime; Democracy; Constitution; Reelection; Decree; Veto (search for similar items in EconPapers)
Date: 2025
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Persistent link: https://EconPapers.repec.org/RePEc:spr:sprchp:978-3-031-50810-3_7

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DOI: 10.1007/978-3-031-50810-3_7

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