Bribery as a Form of Corruption: The Case of Estonia

Lehte Alver () and Jaan Alver ()
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Lehte Alver: Tartu University
Jaan Alver: Tartu University

Chapter Chapter 19 in The Ethics of Bribery, Vol 2, 2025, pp 319-333 from Springer

Abstract: Abstract Corruption can be defined in different ways. The most common definition is abuse of office for personal gain. International organizations also use this definition. Corruption is usually measured either through perception or through personal exposure. Transparency International (TI), which compiles the Corruption Perceptions Index (CPI) every year, also uses this approach. Especially in the countries of the former Eastern Bloc, there have been big problems with corruption, and since Estonia was part of it, the CPI of this area is disclosed. The most common and easiest form of corruption is bribery. Rates of Overall Bribery and Bribery Risk Matrix ranks and scores in former republics of the Soviet Union and socialist countries of EU are also presented. Bribery and corruption are illegal and can result in fines, penalties, including imprisonment and reputational damage. The authors of this chapter present the most commonly used definitions of corruption and bribery, show the international cooperation of Estonia in the field of anti-corruption activities, and deal with Estonian legislative acts that prohibit such illegal activity as bribery. An overview of major bribery cases in Estonia is also given.

Keywords: Corruption; Bribery; Estonia; Eastern Europe; Case Studies (search for similar items in EconPapers)
Date: 2025
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Persistent link: https://EconPapers.repec.org/RePEc:spr:sprchp:978-3-031-77200-9_19

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DOI: 10.1007/978-3-031-77200-9_19

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