Evaluating Complex Interventions

Apostolos Tsiachristas () and Maureen P. M. H. Rutten- van Mölken ()
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Apostolos Tsiachristas: University of Oxford
Maureen P. M. H. Rutten- van Mölken: Erasmus University Rotterdam

Chapter 43 in Handbook of Integrated Care, 2025, pp 819-836 from Springer

Abstract: Abstract This chapter explores the evolving landscape of evaluating complex interventions in healthcare, driven by the increasing need for evidence-based resource allocation and improved patient outcomes. It discusses the defining characteristics of complex interventions, such as multiple interacting components, contextual adaptability, and non-linear causal pathways, and contrasts them with simpler technologies. Drawing from frameworks like the MRC guidance and RE-AIM, it outlines the rationale, challenges, and methodological approaches for their evaluation, including formative and summative assessment, process evaluation, and both experimental and quasi-experimental study designs. Special attention is given to integrated care as a paradigmatic example of complexity in healthcare. The chapter emphasizes the importance of context, fidelity, and stakeholder perspectives in designing and reporting evaluations that are robust, transferable, and policy-relevant.

Date: 2025
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DOI: 10.1007/978-3-031-96286-8_36

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