“Ecology? Biggest Polluter!”From the Dependent “Work Bench” of the West to Ecological World Champion: Renewable-Energy Networks, Intelligent Grids and Batteries, New-Energy Mobility, New Forests, Reversing Desertification, and the “Ant Forest” App, Ahead of 2035 Goals, Improving Air and Climate for the World, Toward an Eco-Civilization

Wolfram Elsner () and Elyar Najmehchi
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Wolfram Elsner: University of Bremen (ret.)

Chapter Chapter 11 in The Rise of China, 2026, pp 255-289 from Springer

Abstract: Abstract This chapter examines China’s ecological transformation, focusing on its approaches to sustainability, environmental governance, and technological integration. Central to China’s strategy is its “Ecological Civilization” framework, which aligns economic development with environmental preservation, as outlined in its constitution since 2018. The country’s commitment to green infrastructure is evident in projects like the Forest City initiative, aimed at creating cities powered by renewable energy and replete with extensive green spaces. China’s leading role in global reforestation is further exemplified by its “Great Green Wall” program, which aims to combat desertification and reverse land degradation. Additionally, the “Circular Economy” law, implemented in 2009, has spurred closed-loop material cycles, placing China ahead of many industrialized nations in developing sustainable resource management systems. Digital tools such as the Blue Map app and the Ant Forest app showcase China’s integration of data-driven environmental monitoring and gamification in encouraging eco-friendly behavior. Through these technologies, China not only aims to promote public accountability but also drives large-scale participation in environmental stewardship. Collectively, these initiatives highlight China’s distinctive approach to ecological modernization, where state-led policies and public engagement work in tandem to address global climate challenges, underscoring China’s leading role in sustainable development.

Date: 2026
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DOI: 10.1007/978-3-032-20260-4_11

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