Modern Epidemiologic Study Designs

Philip H. Kass and Ellen B. Gold
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Philip H. Kass: University of California, Department of Population Health and Reproduction 1018B Haring Hall School of Veterinary Medicine
Ellen B. Gold: University of California, Division of Epidemiology Department of Public Health Sciences

Chapter I.7 in Handbook of Epidemiology, 2005, pp 321-344 from Springer

Abstract: Abstract A fundamental challenge pervasive to all experimental and nonexperimental (observational) research is valid inference of causal effects. Although actions (through undefined mechanisms, but conventionally denoted by treatment, exposure, etc.) and reactions (e.g., disease, remission, cure) must occur by definition in individuals, the realm of epidemiology principally lies in the study of individuals in the aggregate, such as patients enrolled in clinical trials, participants in cohorts, and populations. Until recently, advancements in epidemiological methods developed in the last half-century have hence largely fallen into the domain of the two major observational study designs used: cohort and case-control studies (cf. Chap. I.5 and I.6 of this handbook).

Keywords: Incidence Rate Ratio; Exposure Odds; Unexposed Case; Rare Disease Assumption; Exposure Odds Ratio (search for similar items in EconPapers)
Date: 2005
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DOI: 10.1007/978-3-540-26577-1_8

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