Global Entrepreneurship Monitor (GEM) Conceptual Framework

Sunil Shukla (), Pankaj Bharti () and Amit Kumar Dwivedi ()
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Sunil Shukla: Entrepreneurship Development Institute of India
Pankaj Bharti: Entrepreneurship Development Institute of India
Amit Kumar Dwivedi: Entrepreneurship Development Institute of India

A chapter in Global Entrepreneurship Monitor, 2026, pp 23-37 from Springer

Abstract: Abstract The Global Entrepreneurship Monitor (GEM) is a long-term, multinational research study of entrepreneurship conducted annually, using primary data from the population to measure the level of entrepreneurship in each participating country. The GEM is the world’s largest and most comprehensive study of entrepreneurship. It tracks entrepreneurial activity, attitudes and aspirations across more than 120 economies. Founded in 1999 by Babson College (USA) and London Business School (UK), GEM is now a global consortium of over 500 researchers from around the world. It focuses on individual behavior in starting and managing businesses rather than relying solely on firm-level data. GEM provides globally comparable data that helps governments, researchers and organizations understand and support entrepreneurship. GEM data is invaluable in informing policy decisions particularly in areas such as education, access to finance and gender equality in entrepreneurship.

Date: 2026
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DOI: 10.2991/978-94-6239-735-4_2

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