Entrepreneurial Diversity Matrix

Sunil Shukla (), Pankaj Bharti () and Amit Kumar Dwivedi ()
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Sunil Shukla: Entrepreneurship Development Institute of India
Pankaj Bharti: Entrepreneurship Development Institute of India
Amit Kumar Dwivedi: Entrepreneurship Development Institute of India

A chapter in Global Entrepreneurship Monitor, 2026, pp 67-76 from Springer

Abstract: Abstract The data presented in figure 6.1 highlight the gender distribution of TEA across 12 low-income level economies. Ecuador has the highest TEA rates for both the men and the women at 34.8% and 32.0% respectively followed by Guatemala with figures of 26.2% for men and 21.4% for women. Countries like Armenia, Bosnia and Herzegovina and Brazil indicate more prominent gender gaps with TEA rates at 22.4% vs. 13.3%; 25.7% vs. 19.7% and 22.3% vs. 18.5% for males and females respectively. TEA scores emphasize the significant gender gap distribution across all economies. India stands at a TEA rate of 14.0% for males and 10.3% for females suggesting that cultural and contextual factors restrict women’s participation in early entrepreneurial engagement. In countries like Morocco, the TEA rate is equal for both men and women at 12.5% indicating an equal opportunity recognition and risk-taking approach towards early entrepreneurial engagement among both genders. The figures across all the economies highlight more male entrepreneurial engagement than females which indicates limiting cultural and structural constraints among women planning to start new ventures.

Date: 2026
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DOI: 10.2991/978-94-6239-735-4_6

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