Four Major Reforms in China Since the Modern Times

Guoqiang Tian and Xudong Chen ()
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Xudong Chen: Shanghai University of Finance and Economics

Chapter Chapter 2 in China’s Reform: History, Logic, and Future, 2022, pp 27-43 from Springer

Abstract: Abstract A review of the past 180 years since modern times began reveals that there were four periods of social and economic reform that were of great overall transitional significance for China: the period from the Self-strengthening Movement to the Hundred Days’ Reform and the New Policies during the late Qing dynasty (1840–1911), the Xinhai Revolution and market economy explorations (1911–1949), the planned economy/socialism combination (1949–1978), and the reform and opening-up initiative (1978–) that led to China’s rejuvenation.

Date: 2022
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DOI: 10.1007/978-981-19-5470-2_2

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