 Design and Assessment of Global Emission Reduction PathwaysChapter 13 in Carbon Mitigation System Engineering, 2025, pp 297-317 from Springer Abstract: Abstract This chapter evaluates the outcomes of the Kyoto Protocol and Paris Agreement in global emission reduction and pathway design. The study shows that the Kyoto Protocol’s “top-down” mechanism reduced emissions in some countries, yet its misaligned targets (e.g., Australia) limited overall effectiveness. The Paris Agreement’s “bottom-up” NDC approach faces challenges, as current commitments meet only one-third of the 2 °C target’s requirements, with major emitters (China, the United States, India) contributing inadequately. Simulations using the C3IAM model reveal that under current NDCs, global emissions will reach 50.5 billion tons of CO₂ equivalent by 2030, leaving gaps of 12.9–18.1 and 29–34 billion tons for the 2 °C and 1.5 °C targets, respectively. A “self-preservation strategy” is proposed, requiring enhanced efforts through technological advancement and upfront investments. Results indicate an additional 19–30 billion tons of CO₂ equivalent must be reduced by 2030, with all nations achieving cumulative net benefits by 2100 (0.46–5.24% of GDP). The study emphasizes the need for developed countries to lead in net-negative emissions and support vulnerable nations through international cooperation, alongside dynamic NDC upgrades. Date: 2025 There are no downloads for this item, see the EconPapers FAQ for hints about obtaining it. Related works: Export reference: BibTeX RIS (EndNote, ProCite, RefMan) HTML/Text Persistent link: https://EconPapers.repec.org/RePEc:spr:sprchp:978-981-95-0371-1_13 Ordering information: This item can be ordered from DOI: 10.1007/978-981-95-0371-1_13 Access Statistics for this chapter More chapters in Springer Books from Springer |
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