Intermediate Model for SDGs: Three Time Structures

Toshiyuki Sueyoshi and Mika Goto ()
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Toshiyuki Sueyoshi: Shandong University
Mika Goto: Institute of Science Tokyo

Chapter Chapter 5 in Environment and Sustainability for ESG and SDGs, 2025, pp 99-130 from Springer

Abstract: Abstract As an extension of Chap. 4 , this chapter discusses a use of DEA-EA (Environmental Assessment) in a time horizon so that we may discuss how to measure the level of SDGs, as important part of ESG, within the framework of DEA-EA. Chapter 4 did not discuss the approach over time. The data sets on EA for ESG and SDGs often have an analytical structure with time series. In applying DEA to EA, we need to examine an efficiency shift among different periods because it indicates “technology transfer” due to its progress on desirable and undesirable outputs. This chapter thinks that the gist of SDGs is the gradual improvement of ESG over time, focusing upon our sustainability goals. This chapter focuses upon the intermediate model among the three approaches (cross sectional, window efficiency and window index) of DEA-EA, all of which we have not discussed in Chap. 4 . An important feature of these approaches is that they incorporate the concepts of natural and managerial disposability into these analytical frameworks and then extends them under the two disposability concepts over time. To capture the shift of efficiency measures (not frontier shifts as found in Chap. 6 ) in a time horizon, we propose the three different structures of DEA-EA over time. Focusing upon the intermediate model, we discuss the improvement of SDGs under managerial disposability in a time horizon. We apply the proposed DEA-EA to a data set on US coal-fired power plants during 1995–2007 for our illustration. The application finds that managers of the coal-fired power plants have gradually paid attention to environmental protections under US CAA (Clean Air Act). Consequently, their performance under managerial disposability has increased during the observed periods. This indicates the importance of CAA and strict implementation for US environmental protection. It is necessary to extend the scope of CAA for controlling the amount of CO2 emission because current regulation has a policy influence on the source of global warming and climate change in our modern societies which are directing toward the enhancement of ESG and SDGs.

Keywords: Environmental assessment; Time series; Electricity (search for similar items in EconPapers)
Date: 2025
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DOI: 10.1007/978-981-96-2464-5_5

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