The Breadwinner

Rosmawani Che Hashim (), Sharmila Jayasingam (), Norizah Mohd Mustamil (), Raida Abu Bakar () and Safiah Omar ()
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Rosmawani Che Hashim: Universiti Malaya
Sharmila Jayasingam: Universiti Malaya
Norizah Mohd Mustamil: Universiti Malaya
Raida Abu Bakar: Universiti Malaya
Safiah Omar: Universiti Malaya

Chapter Chapter 2 in Women's Economic Empowerment and Wellbeing, 2025, pp 13-28 from Springer

Abstract: Abstract This chapter examines the evolving role of women as breadwinners, and how they challenge traditional norms, and reshape family dynamics both globally, and within the Malaysian context. The breadwinner role was historically associated with men while women were relegated the role of homemakers and caregivers. This culture clearly reflects the deeply ingrained expectations of society. However, shifts driven by economic necessity have extended women’s access to education, with a significant increase in women stepping into breadwinning roles. Using the theoretical frameworks of Functionalist Theory (historical division of labor), Human Capital Theory (education empowering women), and the concept of Economic Necessity (rise of dual-income households), this chapter explores the transformation of women. It celebrates the resilience and contributions of women breadwinners. It also addresses the challenge of the “double shift” phenomenon faced by women, the social stigma, and workplace inequities which still persist in the Malaysian context. This chapter highlights policies promoting gender equality, flexible work arrangements, and childcare support which are aimed at normalizing women as breadwinners. By embracing this shift, society can foster more inclusive family dynamics, empower future generations, and create a balanced and progressive future for economic growth.

Keywords: Women breadwinners; Gender roles; Economic necessity; Gender equality; Malaysian context (search for similar items in EconPapers)
Date: 2025
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Persistent link: https://EconPapers.repec.org/RePEc:spr:sprchp:978-981-96-7372-8_2

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DOI: 10.1007/978-981-96-7372-8_2

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