The Global HIV Epidemics among Men Who Have Sex with Men

Chris Beyrer, Andrea L. Wirtz, Damian Walker, Benjamin Johns, Frangiscos Sifakis and Stefan D. Baral

No 2308 in World Bank Publications - Books from The World Bank Group

Abstract: Men who have sex with Men (MSM) are currently at marked risk for HIV infection in Low- and Middle-Income Countries (LMICs) in Asia, Africa, Latin America and the Caribbean, and in Eastern Europe and Central Asia. Estimates of HIV prevalence rates have been consistently higher among MSM than for the general population of reproductive-age men virtually wherever MSM have been well studied. Although scarce, HIV incidence data support findings of high acquisition and transmission risks among MSM in multiple contexts, cultural settings, and economic levels. Research among MSM in LMICs has been limited by the criminalization and social stigmatization of these behaviors, the safety considerations for study participants, the hidden nature of these populations, and a lack of targeted funding. Available evidence from these countries suggests that structural risks social, economic, political, or legal factors in addition to individual-level risk factors are likely to play important roles in shaping HIV risks and treatment and care options for these men. Services and resources for populations of MSM remain markedly low in many settings. They have limited coverage and access to HIV/AIDS prevention, treatment, and care services with some estimates suggesting that fewer than one in ten MSM worldwide have access to the most basic package of preventive interventions.

Keywords: Health; Nutrition and Population-HIV AIDS Health; Nutrition and Population-Population Policies Health; Nutrition and Population-Disease Control & Prevention Health; Nutrition and Population-Health Monitoring and Evaluation Private Sector Development-HIV AIDS and Business Health; Nutrition and Population (search for similar items in EconPapers)
Date: 2011
ISBN: 978-0-8213-8726-9
References: View complete reference list from CitEc
Citations: View citations in EconPapers (3)

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