The Individual in Bootlegging Innovation

Alexander Krueger and Arne Buchwald

Chapter 14 in Corporate Underground:Bootleg Innovation and Constructive Deviance, 2022, pp 279-290 from World Scientific Publishing Co. Pte. Ltd.

Abstract: One key source of innovation is the individual employee, who can develop innovations either with or without the official authorization by management. Previous research about bootlegging focused mostly on structural determinants while little is known about individual determinants of bootlegging behavior. We relate two research streams that address deviance and motivation to develop a conceptual model that explains bootlegging behavior in the workplace. Based on the assumption that an innovating agent can simultaneously engage in compliant and in deviant innovative behavior (i.e., bootlegging), we conceptualize these distinctly different types of behavior as two dependent variables and derive intrinsic and extrinsic motivational sources as independent variables. Our conceptual model contributes to existing literature on individual-level determinants of bootlegging and offers a basis to further study workplace innovation.

Keywords: Bootlegging; Creative Deviance; R&D Management; Innovation; Technology Management; Slack Innovation; Underground System; Under-the-Table Work; Informal Corporate Entrepreneurship; Autonomous Initiatives; Underground Innovation; Stealth Innovation; Unsponsored Innovation; Friday-Afternoon Work; Work Behind the Fume Cupboard; Free-Lance Work; Under-the-Counter Work; Pet Project; Discretionary Research; Intrapreneurship; Freewheeling; Illicit Research; Scrounging; Renegades' Work; Recherche Camouflagé; Recherche Caché; Recherche Parallèle; Recherche Libre; Recherche En Perruque; Recherche Sauvage or Recherche Sous-Marine; U-boot Forschung or Graue Projekte (search for similar items in EconPapers)
JEL-codes: O3 O32 (search for similar items in EconPapers)
Date: 2022
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