Education

Thomas Grandjean and ChinHwee Tan

Chapter 8 in Values at the Core:How Human Values Contribute to the Rise of Nations, 2020, pp 111-126 from World Scientific Publishing Co. Pte. Ltd.

Abstract: In November 2001, the OECD (Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development) Program for International Student Assessment, more commonly known as PISA, published its first international study and country ranking for reading, mathematics, and science literacy, administering tests in the previous 12 to 18 months to more than 250,000 15-year-old students across 32 countries. Although the methodology used to collect data and rank countries has been criticized, on a whole, the PISA studies are viewed as a fair representation of the level of education around the world. As expected, East Asian countries performed well. But the real surprise was Finland, ranked 1st in reading, 4th in mathematics, and 3rd in science. Not only did Finnish students score very highly, they did so across the country, irrespective of the school they attended. This came as a surprise to the Finns: they knew they had good schools, but maybe not that good. Some treated the results as a one-off statistical anomaly. But as subsequent PISA rankings were released in 2004 and 2007, Finnish students remained among the best performers…

Keywords: Values; Culture; Growth; Economic Growth; Development; Hard Work; Thrift; Trust; Social trust; Risk-Taking; China; Confucianism; Protestant Work Ethic; Policies; Political Stability; Free Markets; Education; Corruption; Rule of Law; Fiscal Policy; Monetary Policy; Covid-19; Coronavirus (search for similar items in EconPapers)
JEL-codes: O1 O11 O12 O23 P16 (search for similar items in EconPapers)
Date: 2020
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