The Impact of Multiple Vaccines on the Death Rate — A Focused Review for BCG Vaccination in the COVID-19 Pandemic Period

Sahbi Farhani (), Imen Gam and Ilhem Barboura

Chapter 1 in COVID-19 Pandemic and Energy Markets:Commodity Markets, Cryptocurrencies and Electricity Consumption under the COVID-19, 2021, pp 1-16 from World Scientific Publishing Co. Pte. Ltd.

Abstract: Like other infectious diseases, controlling COVID-19 infection must be a priority in order to save all of humanity. In absence of a specific vaccination against the novel 2019 coronavirus, many researchers suggest that Bacillus Calmette–Guérin (BCG) vaccination can boost the human immunity system and have a protective effect against this infection. In this study, we use two methods: Analysis of Covariance (ANCOVA) and Ordinary Least Squares (OLS) regression in order to explore the role of existing vaccines on COVID-19 mortality. Results are very promising and interesting. In fact, contrary to the emerging intuition, we prove that BCG vaccination does not have a relevant impact on COVID-19 mortality numbers. In this regards, another contribution of our chapter is showing that other vaccines could be paid more attention, as Hepatitis B of Adults (HepB1), Varicella-Zoster (VZ), and especially, Meningococcal C conjugate (MenC) vaccines have a negative impact on COVID-19 mortality in contrast to Diphtheria and Tetanus Toxoids (DT) Vac-Cube for older children/adults.

Keywords: COVID-19; Vaccines; ANCOVA; Carbon Emissions; Natural Gas; Crude Oil; Market Co-Movement; Cryptocurrencies; CO2 Emissions; Financial Volatility; VIX; Bitcoin; Gold Oil Price War; Health Crisis; S&P GS Commodity Index; Consumption of Electricity; The Behavior of Electricity Consumption; Social Interactivity; Flow State; Energy Consumption Culture; Life Style; Teleworking; De-globalization; Eating Habits (search for similar items in EconPapers)
JEL-codes: Q43 Q5 (search for similar items in EconPapers)
Date: 2021
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