Culture of Islamic Economics In Turkey ثقافة الاقتصاد الإسلامي في تركيا خلال الثلاثين سنة الماضية

Ismail Yurdakok ()
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Ismail Yurdakok: Turkia University

No 47, Papers and books based on the proceedings of the Conferences organized by the Islamic Economics Institute, KAAU. from King Abdulaziz University, Islamic Economics Institute.

Abstract: After the Councel of Ministers’ Decree dated Dec. 16, 1983 non-interest finance houses took permission for establishing in Turkey. This was an important date because concept of “non-interest” took place the first time in Turkish laws. In the period of 25 years, especially in last three years have been very successful term for these institutions. Another successful organization has been Musiad (Independent Businessmen’s Association) founded on May 5, 1990 in Istanbul. The members of this association as the representatives of an economic/business life depends on (Islamic) ethics and their main characteristics are to defend a non-interest economic values in Turkey. Although especially in last ten years a decreasing is seen in studies and translations on the theory of Islamic economics, but if we look at the studies of last thirty years totally, valuable efforts are noticeable. “Economic Philosophy of Ghazali” was published in 1984 (and in 2002) in Istanbul that it was Sabri Orman’s doctorate dissertation. Sabri Orman also translated Abdu al-Aziz’s Duri’s ‘Muqaddema fi al-Tarikh al-Iqtisad al-Arabi’ into Turkish in 1991 and he wrote an article “Sources of the H?story of Islamic Economic Thought” in Istac Journal of Malaysia and collected some articles in a Turkish book: “Iqtisad, Tarih, Toplum” (Economics, History and Society), in 2001. Study of Ibrahim Erol Kozak on opinions of Ibn Khaldun on economics (a study of 350 pp.) was published in 1984 (and in 1999). Ensar (Ansar) Foundation organized conferences on Islamic economics in 1984-85 and the texts of these conferences were published. Umar Chapra’s books were translated into Turkish in 1977, 1987 and last 2002 (A Strategy for Development with Justice and Stability.) Books and booklets of The Islamic Foundation of Leicester were translated also into Turkish from 1983. Cengiz Kallek is also a prolific author: “Market and State in the Period of the Prophet (Muhammad)” (in Turkish) in 1992; “The History of Islamic Economics Thought” in 2004; “Kharaj”, “Maks”, “Thoughts of Mawardi’s on Economics” as detailed entries in the Diyanet Islam Ansiklopedisi produced by Kallek. Abdullah Ograk also wrote a master thesis on “Mawardi’s Thoughts on Economics” in 1997 that Mawardi’s opinions especially are important for today’s tax-payers that he supports them against ‘state.’ He even estimates the distance of production to markets and puts conditions for payable capacity of tax-payers (in al-Ahkam al Sultani, p. 184.) The details will be given in the paper and mentioned new studies. تعود نشأة المصارف الإسلامية (بيوت التمويل القائمة على غير أساس الفائدة) في تركيا إلى مرسوم عام 1983م حين صادق مجلس الوزراء في ذلك الوقت على إقامة مصارف من هذا القبيل. لقد مثل هذا المرسوم نقطة تحول كبرى في تاريخ تركيا المعاصر وذلك بالسماح بإنشاء مؤسسات مالية خالية من الفائدة جنباً إلى جنب مع المصارف التقليدية. خلال الخمسة وعشرين سنة الماضية استطاعت هذه المؤسسات أن تحقق إنجازات معتبرة وخاصة السنوات الثلاث الأخيرة. نجاح آخر للصيرفة الإسلامية تمثل في إقامة "موسياد" (الرابطة المستقلة لرجال الأعمال) في استانبول في 5 مايو عام 1990م. أعضاء هذه الرابطة ممثلون من قطاع الأعمال والاقتصاد (الإسلامي) الأخلاقي وأهم شيء جمعهم هو الدفاع عن الاقتصاد المبني على غير أساس الفائدة في تركيا. فيما يتعلق بالدراسات في تركيا في مجال الاقتصاد الإسلامي يلاحظ المتتبع بعض التراجع في العشر سنوات الأخيرة، إلا أنه إذا نظرنا للجهود على مدى الثلاثين سنة الماضية نجد أن إنجازات هامة قد تحققت. هذه الورقة تحاول الوقوف على بعض تلك الكتابات مع الإشارة إلى بعض الدراسات الجديدة.

Pages: 20 pages
Date: 2008-02
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Published in The 7th International Conference on Islamic Economics

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