BLM protests and racial hate crime in the United States

Joel Carr

Working Papers from University of Antwerp, Faculty of Business and Economics

Abstract: We provide evidence of the impact of protests following the death of George Floyd on anti-Black and anti-White hate crimes in the US. Using a regression discontinuity in time model, difference-in-differences, and synthetic control methods we find that recorded anti-Black (-White) hate crime increased by up to 15 (4) incidents per day or 259 (165) percent in June 2020. To account for changes in incentives to commit hate crimes during the coronavirus pandemic we control for other hate crime biases. We find that changes in unemployment due to the pandemic is a significant mediating factor in the hate crime shock against both groups and a larger shock in the first weeks of the protests in counties with a first BLM protest after Floyd’s death. In addition, we test for mechanisms driving the changes, including retaliation, protectionism, and changes in victim reporting. Anti-Black hate crime is more sensitive to saliency of opposition to protests, “White genocide”, and Derek Chauvin measured by tweets but less sensitive to cable news reporting. Using crime victimization survey we find that White hate crime victims were more likely to report victimization during the protests and evidence that police reduced effort toward Black hate crime victims and increased arrests of anti-White hate crime offenders. The results suggest that large scale protests or conflict between two groups during periods of increase in unemployment can lead to a substantial increase in expressed xenophobia.

Keywords: Racism; Hate crime; Crime (search for similar items in EconPapers)
JEL-codes: D74 J15 K14 (search for similar items in EconPapers)
Pages: 62 pages
Date: 2022-12
New Economics Papers: this item is included in nep-hea, nep-law and nep-ure
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Persistent link: https://EconPapers.repec.org/RePEc:ant:wpaper:2022008

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