Adoption of Non-negotiable Developer Obligations to Complement Negotiable Ones: Case Community Infrastructure Levy in England

Anupam Nanda, Sotirios Thanos and Eero Valtonen

ERES from European Real Estate Society (ERES)

Abstract: Over the years, various forms of developer obligations have been considered in English planning and development policies. The most recent major addition to the developer applications was the Community Infrastructure Levy, which has been available for local planning authorities since 2010. The levy is a non-negotiable developer obligation that a local planning authority can, but does not have to, adopt. The levy is used in combination with negotiable developer obligations, which have a scaled-back scope after the adoption of the levy. Although there is a vast amount of literature focusing on developer obligations, the introduction of new developer obligations within the existing set of obligations has been studied much less. Our paper aims to fill this gap by studying the factors affecting the adoption likelihood of the community infrastructure levy as well as its impact on the housing supply. Our study can guide decision-makers regarding the design of the developer obligations framework. They also offer valuable insight into how new instruments will work within the existing developer obligations framework.

Keywords: Community Infrastructure Levy; Developer Obligations; Housing Supply (search for similar items in EconPapers)
JEL-codes: R3 (search for similar items in EconPapers)
Date: 2023-01-01
New Economics Papers: this item is included in nep-ure
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Persistent link: https://EconPapers.repec.org/RePEc:arz:wpaper:eres2023_294

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