Discussion Papers

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25-18: Inflation Expectations in Action: Exploring Agents’ Behaviour in a Period of High Inflation

Naveen Rai, Hayley Touchburn and Matt West

25-17: Estimating the Costs of Electronic Retail Payment Networks: A Cross-Country Meta Analysis

Cam Donohoe and Youming Liu

25-16: Modelling the Sovereign Debt Strategy: A Practical Primer

Nicolas Audet, Adam Epp, Jeffrey Gao and Joe Ning

25-15: Do Firms’ Sales Expectations Hit the Mark? Evidence from the Business Leaders’ Pulse

Owen Gabourys, Farrukh Suvankulov and Mathieu Utting

25-14: The Dealer-to-Client Repo Market: A Buoy on a Swaying Sea

Greg Adams, Evan Dudley, Jean-Sebastien Fontaine, Sofia Tchamova and Andreas Uthemann

25-13: Net Send Limits in the Lynx Payment System: Usage and Implications

Virgilio B Pasin and Anna Wyllie

25-12: 2024 Methods-of-Payment Survey Report: Cash in an Era of Alternatives

Marie-Helene Felt, Anna Chernesky and Angelika Welte

25-11fr: Synthétiser les signaux se dégageant de l’enquête sur les attentes des consommateurs au Canada

Jacob Dolinar, Patrick Sabourin and Matt West

25-11: Synthesizing Signals from the Canadian Survey of Consumer Expectations

Jacob Dolinar, Patrick Sabourin and Matt West

25-10: Examining the Links Between Firm Performance and Insolvency

Dylan Hogg and Hossein Jebeli

25-09: A Retail CBDC Design for Basic Payments: Feasibility Study

Sriram Darba, Cyrus Minwalla, Rakesh Arora and Dinesh Shah

25-08: The Shift in Canadian Immigration Composition and its Effect on Wages

Julien Champagne, Antoine Poulin-Moore and Mallory Long

25-07: Are Hedge Funds a Hedge for Increasing Government Debt Issuance?

Adam Epp and Jeffrey Gao

25-07fr: Les fonds de couverture: un filet pour l’augmentation des émissions d’obligations du gouvernement?

Adam Epp and Jeffrey Gao

25-06: Risk-Free Uncollateralized Lending in Decentralized Markets: An Introduction to Flash Loans

Jack Mandin

25-05: Will Asset Managers Dash for Cash? Implications for Central Banks

David Cimon, Jean-Philippe Dion, Jean-Sebastien Fontaine and Jabir Sandhu

25-04: Canadian Bitcoin Ownership in 2023: Key Takeaways

Daniela Balutel, Marie-Helene Felt and Doina Rusu

25-03: Assessing the Impact of Demographic Composition on Productivity

Justin-Damien Guenette and Lin Shao

25-02: Tech Reluctance: Fostering Empathy for Canadians Facing Challenges with Digital Systems

Sebastian Hernandez, Helena Wang, Badr Omrane, Vera Roberts and David Pereyra

25-01: Privacy-Enhancing Technologies for CBDC Solutions

Rakesh Arora, Han Du, Raza Ali Kazmi and Duc-Phong Le

24-18: Interaction of Macroprudential and Monetary Policies: Practice Ahead of Theory

Thibaut Duprey, Yaz Terajima and Jing Yang

24-17: Seasonal Adjustment of Weekly Data

Jeffrey Mollins and Rachit Lumb

24-16: The Consumer Value Proposition for a Hypothetical Digital Canadian Dollar

Martine Warren, Bill Laur, Ted Garanzotis and Sebastian Hernandez

24-15: Digital Payments: A Framework for Inclusive Design

Sebastian Hernandez, Alexandra Sutton-Lalani, John Miedema, Virginie Cobigo, Fatoumata Bah, Munazza Tahir, Danika Lévesque and Badr Omrane

24-14: Monetary Policy Governance: Bank of Canada Practices to Support Policy Effectiveness

Brigitte Desroches, Sharon Kozicki and Laure Simon

24-14fr: Gouvernance de la politique monétaire: pratiques de la Banque du Canada pour favoriser l’efficacité de la politique monétaire

Brigitte Desroches, Sharon Kozicki and Laure Simon

24-13: Ecosystem Models for a Central Bank Digital Currency: Analysis Framework and Potential Models

Youming Liu, Francisco Rivadeneyra, Edona Reshidi, Oleksandr Shcherbakov and Andre Stenzel

24-12: The Ecology of Automated Market Makers

Annetta Ho, Cosmin Cazan and Andrew Schrumm

24-11: The Role of Public Money in the Digital Age

Francisco Rivadeneyra, Scott Hendry and Alejandro Garcia

24-10: Analysis of DeFi Oracles

Xun Deng, Sidi Mohamed Beillahi, Cyrus Minwalla, Han Du, Andreas Veneris and Fan Long

24-09: Deriving Longer-Term Inflation Expectations and Inflation Risk Premium Measures for Canada

Bruno Feunou and Zabi Tarshi

24-08: 2023 Methods-of-Payment Survey Report: The Resilience of Cash

Christopher Henry, Matthew Shimoda and Doina Rusu

24-07: The Output-Inflation Trade-off in Canada

Stefano Gnocchi, Fanny McKellips, Rodrigo Sekkel, Laure Simon, Yinxi Xie and Yang Zhang

24-06: Central Bank Liquidity Policy in Modern Times

Skylar Brooks

24-05: Assessing the Impact of the Bank of Canada's Government Bond Purchases

Chinara Azizova, Jonathan Witmer and Xu Zhang

24-04fr: Enquête sur les entreprises autochtones: un aperçu des salaires, des prix et du financement dans le secteur des entreprises autochtones au Canada

Calista Cheung, James Fudurich, Janki Shah and Farrukh Suvankulov

24-04: Survey of Indigenous Firms: A Snapshot of Wages, Prices and Financing in the Indigenous Business Sector in Canada

Calista Cheung, James Fudurich, Janki Shah and Farrukh Suvankulov

24-03: The Neutral Interest Rate: Past, Present and Future

Matteo Cacciatore, Bruno Feunou and Galip Ozhan

24-02: COVID-19 Hasn’t Killed Merchant Acceptance of Cash: Results from the 2023 Merchant Acceptance Survey

Angelika Welte, Katrina Talavera, Liang Wang and Joy Wu

24-02fr: Résultats de l’enquête de 2023 sur les modes de paiement acceptés par les commerçants: la pandémie de COVID 19 n’a pas fait disparaître l’argent comptant

Angelika Welte, Katrina Talavera, Liang Wang and Joy Wu

24-01: 2022 Methods-of-Payment Survey Report: Cash Use Over 13 Years

Christopher Henry, Doina Rusu and Matthew Shimoda

23-34: Procyclicality in Central Counterparty Margin Models: A Conceptual Tool Kit and the Key Parameters

Alper Odabasioglu

23-33: Climate-Related Flood Risk to Residential Lending Portfolios in Canada

Craig Johnston, Geneviève Vallée, Hossein Hosseini Jebeli, Brett Lindsay, Miguel Molico, Marie-Christine Tremblay and Aidan Witts

23-32: Understanding the Systemic Implications of Climate Transition Risk: Applying a Framework Using Canadian Financial System Data

Gabriel Bruneau, Javier Ojea Ferreiro, Andrew Plummer, Marie-Christine Tremblay and Aidan Witts

23-31: Supporting the Transition to Net-Zero Emissions: The Evolving Role of Central Banks

Karen McGuinness

23-30: Central Bank Crisis Interventions: A Review of the Recent Literature on Potential Costs

Patrick Aldridge, David Cimon and Rishi Vala

23-29: Making It Real: Bringing Research Models into Central Bank Projections

Marc-André Gosselin and Sharon Kozicki

23-28: How Far Do Canadians Need to Travel to Access Cash?

Heng Chen, Daneal O’Habib and Hongyu Xiao

23-27: Digitalization: Prices of Goods and Services

Vivian Chu, Tatjana Dahlhaus and Christopher Hajzler

23-26: Estimating the Appropriate Quantity of Settlement Balances in a Floor System

Narayan Bulusu, Matthew McNeely, Kaetlynd McRae and Jonathan Witmer