Porqué Colombia no exporta más

Jorge García-García (), David C. López-Valenzuela () and Enrique Montes-Uribe
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Jorge García-García: Banco de la República de Colombia
David C. López-Valenzuela: Banco de la República de Colombia

Borradores de Economia from Banco de la Republica de Colombia

Abstract: Este trabajo explica cómo los costos de comerciar (protección y otros costos) desestimulan las exportaciones manufactureras y por qué Colombia exporta mayoritariamente productos primarios. Para esto, además de una revisión de literatura y una descripción del desempeño exportador colombiano, se presenta una metodología que mide la protección total causada por el arancel y las medidas no arancelarias (MNA) y que permite generar una serie de la protección verdadera para el período 1950-2019. Los resultados muestran que el país no ha explotado su potencial exportador de manufacturas porque los incentivos para hacerlo han sido magros, un resultado de la alta protección a la producción local, de una infraestructura escasa y de unos servicios logísticos costosos. **** ABSTRACT: This paper explains how trade costs (protection and other costs) discourage manufacturing exports and why they are the main reason that Colombia’s main exports are basic commodities. The paper reviews the literature on exports in Colombia, shows how the volume and composition of exports evolved since 1950, proposes a methodology to calculate the protection to the manufacturing sector, estimates the total rate of protection to manufacturing and the domestic terms of trade between protected and export activities in manufacturing, examines the role of export subsidies in promoting exports, and discusses the feasibility of subsidizing exports to offset the negative impact of protection on the incentives to export. The paper concludes that Colombia has not exported more because of the poor incentives to do so, caused by the high protection to domestic production and high costs of logistic services which are explained partially by the country inadequate infrastructure.

Keywords: Costos de comerciar; Política comercial; Protección; Medidas no Arancelarias; Trade costs; Trade policy; Protection; Non-Tariff Measures (search for similar items in EconPapers)
JEL-codes: F10 F14 G38 (search for similar items in EconPapers)
Pages: 67
Date: 2020-10
New Economics Papers: this item is included in nep-his
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https://doi.org/10.32468/be.1139

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Persistent link: https://EconPapers.repec.org/RePEc:bdr:borrec:1139

DOI: 10.32468/be.1139

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