Pandemic Meets Pollution: Poor Air Quality Increases Deaths by COVID-19

Ingo Isphording and Nico Pestel

CRC TR 224 Discussion Paper Series from University of Bonn and University of Mannheim, Germany

Abstract: We study the impact of short-term exposure to ambient air pollution on the spread and severity of COVID-19 in Germany. We combine data on county-by-day level on confirmed cases and deaths with information on local air quality and weather conditions. Following Deryugina (2019) we instrument short-term variation in local concentrations of particulate matter (PM10) by region-specific daily variation in wind directions. We find significant positive effects of PM10 concentration on death numbers from four days before to ten days after the onset of symptoms. Specifically, for elderly patients (80+ years) an increase in ambient PM10 concentration by one standard deviation between two and four days after developing symptoms increases deaths by 19 percent of a standard deviation. In addition, higher levels air pollution raise the number of confirmed cases of COVID-19 for all age groups. The timing of effects surrounding the onset of illness suggests that air pollution affects the severity of already realized infections. We discuss implications of our results for immediate policy levers to reduce the exposure and level of ambient air pollution, as well as for cost-benefit considerations of policies aiming at sustainable longer-term reductions of pollution levels.

Keywords: COVID-19; health; air pollution; Germany (search for similar items in EconPapers)
JEL-codes: I12 I18 Q53 (search for similar items in EconPapers)
Pages: 49
Date: 2021-01
New Economics Papers: this item is included in nep-ene, nep-env and nep-hea
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Citations: View citations in EconPapers (22)

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Related works:
Journal Article: Pandemic meets pollution: Poor air quality increases deaths by COVID-19 (2021)
Working Paper: Pandemic Meets Pollution: Poor Air Quality Increases Deaths by Covid-19 (2020)
Working Paper: Pandemic Meets Pollution: Poor Air Quality Increases Deaths by COVID-19 (2020)
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Persistent link: https://EconPapers.repec.org/RePEc:bon:boncrc:crctr224_2021_262

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