Unpacking the Distributional Implications of the Energy Crisis Lessons from the Iberian Electricity Market

Natalia Fabra (), Clément Leblanc and Mateus Souza

CRC TR 224 Discussion Paper Series from University of Bonn and University of Mannheim, Germany

Abstract: The 2021‐2023 European energy crisis, triggered by the war in Ukraine, led to broad policy interventions in energy markets. In contrast to the retail‐side measures and public transfers implemented elsewhere, Spain and Portugal targeted the wholesale electricity market through the so‐called Iberian solution. We quantify the distributional implications of the crisis and this market intervention on Spanish electricity firms and across consumer groups. We find that the crisis shifted substantial wealth from consumers to generators, with regressive impacts among consumers. Conversely, the policy’s relief was progressive, delivering larger gains to lower- income groups.

Keywords: energy crisis; electricity markets; distributional implications; machine learning. (search for similar items in EconPapers)
JEL-codes: D30 L94 (search for similar items in EconPapers)
Pages: 68
Date: 2025-11
New Economics Papers: this item is included in nep-cis, nep-ene and nep-eur
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