Bruegel Policy Brief

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2024: Finance for nature- how to improve funding for the protection of biodiversity

Heather Grabbe and Luca Léry Moffat

2024: It’s time for the European Union to rethink personal social networking

Fiona M. Scott Morton

2024: How the European Union should respond to Trump’s tariffs

Ignacio García Bercero, Petros C. Mavroidis and Andre Sapir

2024: Decarbonising for competitiveness- four ways to reduce European energy prices

Conall Heussaff

2024: An investment strategy to keep the European Green Deal on track

Jean Pisani-Ferry and Simone Tagliapietra

2024: A trade policy framework for the European Union-United Kingdom reset

Ignacio García Bercero

2024: A European defence industrial strategy in a hostile world

Juan Mejino-López and Guntram Wolff

2024: Extra time for deforestation- lessons for future EU environmental legislation

Heather Grabbe and Luca Léry Moffat

2024: Updating the EU strategy on China- co-existence while derisking through partnerships

Alicia García-Herrero and Abigaël Vasselier

2024: What can central banks do to take the Paris Agreement seriously?

Dirk Schoenmaker and Hesse McKechnie

2024: Catch-up with the US or prosper below the tech frontier? An EU artificial intelligence strategy

Bertin Martens

2024: An uphill struggle- a long-term perspective on the European public goods debate

Emmanuel Mourlon-Druol

2024: Europe’s 2040 climate target- four critical risks and how to manage them

Conall Heussaff, Johannes Emmerling, Gunnar Luderer, Robert Pietzcker, Severin Reissl, Renato Rodrigues and Rupert Way

2024: How demographic change will hit debt sustainability in European Union countries

Zsolt Darvas, Lennard Welslau and Jeromin Zettelmeyer

2024: Financing European air defence through European Union debt

Armin Steinbach and Guntram Wolff

2024: A European circular single market for economic security and competitiveness

Heather Grabbe and Luca Léry Moffat

2024: The three pillars of effective European Union competition policy

Fiona M. Scott Morton

2024: Joint public procurement as a tool for European Union industrial policy

Francesco Nicoli and Roel Beetsma

2024: The changing dynamics of the Western Balkans on the road to European Union membership- an update

Marek Dabrowski and Luca Léry Moffat

2024: Why artificial intelligence is creating fundamental challenges for competition policy

Bertin Martens

2024: Adapt to a harsher world- Memo to the High Representative for Foreign and Security Policy

Alicia García-Herrero, Heather Grabbe and Jean Pisani-Ferry

2024: The changing dynamics of European electricity markets and the supply-demand mismatch risk

Conall Heussaff and Georg Zachmann

2024: Overcome divisions and confront threats- Memo to the Presidents of the European Commission, Council and Parliament

Maria Demertzis, Andre Sapir and Jeromin Zettelmeyer

2024: How to finance the European Union’s building decarbonisation plan

Ugnė Keliauskaitė, Ben McWilliams, Giovanni Sgaravatti and Simone Tagliapietra

2024: Re-energising Europe’s global green reach

Giovanni Sgaravatti, Simone Tagliapietra and Cecilia Trasi

2024: The implications of the European Union’s new fiscal rules

Zsolt Darvas, Lennard Welslau and Jeromin Zettelmeyer

2024: The economic case for climate finance at scale

Patrick Bolton, Alissa M. Kleinnijenhuis and Jeromin Zettelmeyer

2024: Three risks that must be addressed for new European Union fiscal rules to succeed

Lucio Pench

2024: How to de-risk- European economic security in a world of interdependence

Jean Pisani-Ferry, Beatrice Weder di Mauro and Jeromin Zettelmeyer

2024: Broader border taxes- a new option for European Union budget resources

Pascal Saint-Amans

2024: Ukraine’s path to European Union membership and its long-term implications

Zsolt Darvas, Marek Dabrowski, Heather Grabbe, Luca Léry Moffat, Andre Sapir and Georg Zachmann

2024: The state of financial knowledge in the European Union

Maria Demertzis, Luca Léry Moffat, Annamaria Lusardi and Juan Mejino-López

2024: Unity in power, power in unity- why the EU needs more integrated electricity markets

Georg Zachmann, Carlos Batlle, Francois Beaude, Christoph Maurer, Monika Morawiecka and Fabien Roques

2024: Smarter European Union industrial policy for solar panels

Ben McWilliams, Simone Tagliapietra and Cecilia Trasi

2024: Europe’s under-the-radar industrial policy- intervention in electricity pricing

Ben McWilliams, Giovanni Sgaravatti, Simone Tagliapietra and Georg Zachmann

2023: Improving the contestability of e-commerce in two jurisdictions- the Amazon case

Fiona M. Scott Morton

2023: Compliance principles for the Digital Markets Act

Christophe Carugati

2023: Third time lucky? China’s push to internationalise the renminbi

Alessia Amighini and Alicia García-Herrero

2023: De-risking and decarbonising- a green tech partnership to reduce reliance on China

Alicia García-Herrero, Heather Grabbe and Axel Källenius

2023: Making sense of the European Commission’s fiscal governance reform plan

Lucio Pench

2023: A new governance framework to safeguard the European Green Deal

Jean Pisani-Ferry, Simone Tagliapietra and Georg Zachmann

2023: The EU can manage without Russian liquified natural gas

Ben McWilliams, Giovanni Sgaravatti, Simone Tagliapietra and Georg Zachmann

2023: Rebooting the European Union’s Net Zero Industry Act

Simone Tagliapietra, Reinhilde Veugelers and Jeromin Zettelmeyer

2023: Can Chinese growth defy gravity?

Alicia García-Herrero

2023: The value added of central bank digital currencies- a view from the euro area

Maria Demertzis and Catarina Martins

2023: The rising cost of European Union borrowing and what to do about it

Grégory Claeys, Conor McCaffrey and Lennard Welslau

2023: Adjusting to the energy shock- the right policies for European industry

Giovanni Sgaravatti, Simone Tagliapietra and Georg Zachmann

2023: The longer-term fiscal challenges facing the European Union

Jeromin Zettelmeyer, Grégory Claeys, Zsolt Darvas, Lennard Welslau and Stavros Zenios

2023: Decentralised finance- good technology, bad finance

Maria Demertzis and Catarina Martins

2023: Will China’s new financial regulatory reform be enough to meet the challenges?

Martin Chorzempa and Nicolas Véron

2023: The potential of sovereign sustainability-linked bonds in the drive for net-zero

Alexander Lehmann and Catarina Martins

2023: Phased European Union electricity market reform

Georg Zachmann and Conall Heussaff

2023: A model for a participative approach to digital competition regulation

Christophe Carugati

2023: How Europe should answer the US Inflation Reduction Act

David Kleimann, Niclas Poitiers, Andre Sapir, Simone Tagliapietra, Nicolas Véron, Reinhilde Veugelers and Jeromin Zettelmeyer

2023: Climate versus trade? Reconciling international subsidy rules with industrial decarbonisation

David Kleimann

2023: How best to ensure international digital competition cooperation

Christophe Carugati

2023: Preparing for the next winter- Europe’s gas outlook for 2023

Ben McWilliams, Simone Tagliapietra, Georg Zachmann and Thierry Deschuyteneer