Bruegel Working Papers

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2025: The Western Balkan energy sector- between Russia, the European Union and the green transition

Nina Vujanović, Rouven Stubbe and Maria Catarina Louro

2025: How resilient is Russia’s economy after four years of war?

Marek Dabrowski

2025: The European Union and the war in Ukraine- more money, but not more Europe

Jacob Funk Kirkegaard

2025: The challenge of AI encroachment into online search and advertising

Bertin Martens

2025: Shifting priorities, slow progress- an analysis of EU tax recommendations

Roel Dom, Costanza Greppi Maturana and Pascal Saint-Amans

2025: What will it take to stabilise debt in advanced countries?

Zsolt Darvas, Gonzalo Huertas, Lennard Welslau and Jeromin Zettelmeyer

2025: Understanding US foreign military sales globally since 2008- an analysis of a new dataset

Juan Mejino-López, Javier Octavio Ospital Greslebin and Guntram Wolff

2025: Gender wealth inequality in the European Union- a distributional perspective

Zsolt Darvas and Nina Ruer

2025: Tariffs, deals and multilateral ideals- can the World Trade Organization survive?

Petros C. Mavroidis

2025: The macroeconomic impact of ageing, EU immigration policy and pension expenditures

David Pinkus and Jacob Funk Kirkegaard

2025: European exports in geopolitical storms

Niclas Poitiers, Madalena Barata da Rocha and Nicolas Boivin

2025: COVID-19’s economic impact on low-income countries- preparing for the next shock

Niclas Poitiers and Costanza Greppi Maturana

2025: Advantages and pitfalls of green public procurement as a European strategic tool

Marie-Sophie Lappe and Francesco Nicoli

2025: Climate risks to global supply chains

Madalena Barata da Rocha, Heather Grabbe and Niclas Poitiers

2025: Migration flows from the Western Balkans to Germany- implications and recommendations

Nina Ruer and Nina Vujanović

2025: Economic development, carbon emissions and climate policies

Luca Bettarelli, Davide Furceri, Prakash Loungani, Jonathan Ostry and Loredana Pisano

2025: Plugging Europe’s investment gap- understanding the potential of leveraging institutional investors

Marie-Sophie Lappe and David Pinkus

2025: Measuring GDP at risk in the low-carbon transition

Dirk Schoenmaker and Willem Schramade

2025: The European single market- restarting the perpetual revolution

Roel Dom and Niclas Poitiers

2025: European companies operating in China- from digging in to rethinking their presence

Alicia García-Herrero, Théo Storella and Jianwei Xu

2025: European export finance needs a reboot

Conor McCaffrey and Niclas Poitiers

2025: How can Europe’s nuclear deterrence trilemma be resolved?

Andrea Gilli and Francesco Nicoli

2025: Implementing the EU Nature Restoration Law- exploring pathways for member states

Heather Grabbe, Bas Heerma van Voss, Camille Mehlbaum and Sjoerd van der Zwaag

2025: Intra-Western Balkans dynamics- stocktaking and ways ahead

Armin Steinbach, Nina Vujanović and Anna Fiore

2025: India-China rapprochement- what are the long-term prospects?

Nayanima Basu and Alicia García-Herrero

2025: Which companies are ahead in frontier innovation on critical technologies? Comparing China, the European Union and the United States

Alicia García-Herrero, Michal Krystyanczuk and Robin Schindowski

2025: Radical novelties in critical technologies and spillovers- how do China, the US and the EU fare?

Alicia García-Herrero, Michal Krystyanczuk and Robin Schindowski

2025: Sovereigns on thinning ice- debt sustainability, climate impacts and adaptation

Matteo Calcaterra, Andrea Consiglio, Vincenzo Martorana, Massimo Tavoni and Stavros Zenios

2025: Lessons for the European Central Bank from the 2021-2023 inflationary episode

Pablo Hernández de Cos

2025: The quickly fading memory of why and when bank capital is important

Jesper Berg, Nicolas Boivin and Hans Geeroms

2025: Dilemmas for the EU in deficit-financing of defence expenditure and maintenance of fiscal discipline

Lucio Pench

2025: Gender diversity and economic growth

Jonathan Ostry

2025: Are bad governments a threat to sovereign defaults? The effects of political risk on debt sustainability

Samantha Ajovalasit, Andrea Consiglio, Giovanni Pagliardi and Stavros Zenios

2024: Long-term care policies in practice- a European perspective

Svend E. Hougaard Jensen, David Pinkus and Nina Ruer

2024: Designing conditionality in the supply of European public goods

Roel Beetsma and Marco Buti

2024: China’s influence at the United Nations- words and deeds

Alicia García-Herrero, Théo Storella and Pauline Weil

2024: The tension between exploding AI investment costs and slow productivity growth

Bertin Martens

2024: The European Central Bank’s operational framework and what it is missing

Giulia Gotti and Francesco Papadia

2024: Productivity spillovers from FDI- A firm-level cross-country analysis

JaeBin Ahn, Shekhar Aiyar and Andrea Presbitero

2024: How much does Europe pay for clean air?

Miquel Oliu-Barton and Juan Mejino Lopez

2024: Unpacking China’s industrial policy and its implications for Europe

Alicia García-Herrero and Robin Schindowski

2024: A conceptual framework for the identification and governance of European public goods

Grégory Claeys and Armin Steinbach

2024: Navigating the treacherous political economy of structural reform

Davide Furceri, Jonathan Ostry, Chris Papageorgiou and Dennis P. Quinn

2024: Instruments of economic security

Conor McCaffrey and Niclas Poitiers

2024: Using the financial system to enforce export controls

Benjamin Hilgenstock, Elina Ribakova, Guntram Wolff and Anna Vlasyuk

2024: Economic arguments in favour of reducing copyright protection for generative AI inputs and outputs

Bertin Martens

2024: The rocky road to EU accession for Western Balkan countries- obstacles and lessons from the Eastern Partnership

Armin Steinbach

2024: Incorporating the impact of social investments and reforms in the European Union’s new fiscal framework

Zsolt Darvas, Lennard Welslau and Jeromin Zettelmeyer

2024: Exposure to generative artificial intelligence in the European labour market

Laura Nurski and Nina Ruer

2024: Global supply chains- lessons from a decade of disruption

Luca Léry Moffat and Niclas Poitiers

2024: Knowledge spillovers and geopolitical challenges in global supply chains

Niclas Poitiers and Kamil Sekut

2024: Entry and competition in mobile app stores

Fiona M. Scott Morton

2024: The chicken-and-egg problem in the European Union Digital Markets Act

Fiona M. Scott Morton

2024: Making industrial policy work- a case study on the European Battery Alliance Academy

Conor McCaffrey and Niclas Poitiers