How to Do xtabond2: An Introduction to "Difference" and "System" GMM in Stata

David Roodman

No 103, Working Papers from Center for Global Development

Abstract: The Arellano-Bond (1991) and Arellano-Bover (1995)/Blundell-Bond (1998) linear generalized method of moments (GMM) estimators are increasingly popular. Both are general estimators designed for situations with "small T, large N" panels, meaning few time periods and many individuals; with independent variables that are not strictly exogenous, meaning correlated with past and possibly current realizations of the error; with fixed effects; and with heteroskedasticity and autocorrelation within individuals. This pedagogic paper first introduces linear GMM. Then it shows how limited time span and the potential for fixed effects and endogenous regressors drive the design of the estimators of interest, offering Stata-based examples along the way. Next it shows how to apply these estimators with xtabond2. It also explains how to perform the Arellano-Bond test for autocorrelation in a panel after other Stata commands, using abar. The paper closes with some tips for proper use.

Keywords: dynamic panel estimation; difference GMM; system GMM; Stata; Arellano-Bond; Blundell-Bond; generalized method of moments; autocorrelation (search for similar items in EconPapers)
JEL-codes: C23 C87 (search for similar items in EconPapers)
Pages: 42 pages
Date: 2006-11
References: Add references at CitEc
Citations: View citations in EconPapers (1234)

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Journal Article: How to do xtabond2: An introduction to difference and system GMM in Stata (2009)
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