Quantile Selection in the Gender Pay Gap

Egshiglen Batbayar, Christoph Breunig, Peter Haan and Boryana Ilieva

No 2151, Discussion Papers of DIW Berlin from DIW Berlin, German Institute for Economic Research

Abstract: We propose a new approach to estimate selection-corrected quantiles of the gender wage gap. Our method employs instrumental variables that explain variation in the latent variable but, conditional on the latent process, do not directly affect selection. We provide semiparametric identification of the quantile parameters without imposing parametric restrictions on the selection probability, derive the asymptotic distribution of the proposed estimator based on constrained selection probability weighting, and demonstrate how the approach applies to the Roy model of labor supply. Using German administrative data, we analyze the distribution of the gender gap in full-time earnings. We find pronounced positive selection among women at the lower end, especially those with less education, which widens the gender gap in this segment, and strong positive selection among highly educated men at the top, which narrows the gender wage gap at upper quantiles.

Keywords: Quantile regression; sample selection; Roy model; rank invariance; semiparametric inference; gender wage gap; wage inequality (search for similar items in EconPapers)
JEL-codes: C14 C31 C36 J16 J21 J31 (search for similar items in EconPapers)
Pages: 48 p.
Date: 2026
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