Putting countries on the cap? Pastoral visits of John Paul II and international trade

Alexander Popov

No 3037, Working Paper Series from European Central Bank

Abstract: During his reign from 1979 to 2005, Pope John Paul II visited 129 countries, more than the 263 Popes before him combined. I document a significant increase in exports to trading partners with a relatively high share of Catholics following a Pastoral visit, leading to a non-negligible increase in aggregate exports. The biggest beneficiaries in terms of increased trade are visited countries that are at lower stages of economic development and have relatively few Catholics and weak trade links. The effect is absent for other prominent episodes, such as global sports events or visits by political dignitaries. JEL Classification: Z12, O1, F1

Keywords: economic development; international trade; religion (search for similar items in EconPapers)
Date: 2025-03
Note: 861282
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Persistent link: https://EconPapers.repec.org/RePEc:ecb:ecbwps:20253037

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