AI and women’s employment in Europe

Stefania Albanesi, António Dias Da Silva, Juan F. Jimeno, Ana Lamo and Alena Wabitsch

No 3077, Working Paper Series from European Central Bank

Abstract: We examine the link between the diffusion of artificial intelligence (AI) enabled technologies and changes in the female employment share in 16 European countries over the period 2011-2019. Using data for occupations at the 3-digit level, we find that on average female employment shares increased in occupations more exposed to AI. Countries with high initial female labor force participation and higher initial female relative education show a stronger positive association. While there exists heterogeneity across countries, almost all show a positive relation between changes in female employment shares within occupations and exposure to AI-enabled automation. JEL Classification: J23, O33

Keywords: artificial intelligence; employment; gender; occupations; skills (search for similar items in EconPapers)
Date: 2025-07
Note: 686280
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Persistent link: https://EconPapers.repec.org/RePEc:ecb:ecbwps:20253077

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