Human Resources in China: The Birth Quota, Returns to Schooling, and Migration

T. Schultz ()

Working Papers from Economic Growth Center, Yale University

Abstract: Rural elderly have 40% of the income of those in urban areas, spend a larger share of their income on food, are in worse health, work later into their lives, and depend more on their children, lacking pensions and public services. The birth quota since 1980 has particularly restricted the childbearing of rural less educated women, who now faceretirement with fewer children for support. Inequality in China is also be traced to increasing returns to schooling, especially beyond secondary school. Government restrictions on rural-urban migration reduces national efficiency, adds to the urban-rural wage gap, and increases inequality.

Keywords: Human Capital Returns; Rural-Urban Migration; Elderly Poverty; China (search for similar items in EconPapers)
JEL-codes: J13 J14 J24 (search for similar items in EconPapers)
Pages: 35 pages
Date: 2003
References: View references in EconPapers View complete reference list from CitEc
Citations: View citations in EconPapers (7)

Downloads: (external link)
http://www.econ.yale.edu/growth_pdf/cdp855.pdf (application/pdf)

Related works:
Working Paper: Human Resources in China: The Birth Quota, Returns to Schooling, and Migration (2004)
Working Paper: Human Resources in China: The Birth Quota, Returns to Schooling, and Migration (2003)
This item may be available elsewhere in EconPapers: Search for items with the same title.

Export reference: BibTeX RIS (EndNote, ProCite, RefMan) HTML/Text

Persistent link: https://EconPapers.repec.org/RePEc:egc:wpaper:855

Access Statistics for this paper

More papers in Working Papers from Economic Growth Center, Yale University Contact information at EDIRC.
Bibliographic data for series maintained by Benjamin King ( this e-mail address is bad, please contact ).