European Economy - Economic Briefs

From Directorate General Economic and Financial Affairs (DG ECFIN), European Commission
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82: Recent Developments in Dutch Exports to Germany

Philip Unverzagt, Dirk Kamps and Johannes Schuffels

81: Fiscal Challenges in the Green Transition:A Global Perspective

Théo Aphecetche

80: An Assessment of the Euro Area Fiscal Stance since the Pandemic

Alessandra Cepparulo, Clíona McDonnell and Vito Ernesto Reitano

78: The Economic impact of COVID-19 Learning Deficits: A Survey of the Literature

Joana Elisa Maldonado, Anneleen Vandeplas and Lukas Vogel

77: Long COVID: A Tentative Assessment of its Impact on Labour Market Participation and Potential Economic Effects in the EU

Santiago Calvo Ramos, Joana Elisa Maldonado, Anneleen Vandeplas and Istvan Vanyolos

76: The G20@15: Can It Still Deliver?

Moreno Bertoldi, Heinz Scherrer and Guergana Stanoeva

75: Global Trade Fragmentation. An EU Perspective

Norbert Gaal, Lars Nilsson, Jose Ramon Perea, Alessandra Tucci and Beatriz Velazquez

74: Global Imbalances: False Alarm or Genuine Source of Concern?

Théo Aphecetche, Maria Bianchi and Guergana Stanoeva

73: Potential Liquidity Stress in Sweden during the Pandemic

Willem J. Kooi and Ronald Albers

72: The Fiscal and Distributional Effects of Removing Mortgage Interest Tax Relief in EU Member States

Alexander Leodolter and Aleksander Rutkowski

71: The Macro-Economic Benefits of Gender Equality

Anne Kingma and Anneleen Vandeplas

70: Understanding the Political Economy of Reforms: Lessons from the EU

Theo Aphecetche, Erik Canton, Maria Garrone and Alexandr Hobza

69: The Sectoral Impact of the COVID-19 Crisis. An Unprecedented and Atypical Crisis

Erik Canton, Federica Colasanti, Jorge Durán, Maria Garrone, Alexandr Hobza, Wouter Simons and Anneleen Vandeplas

68: A Double-Edged Sword – Can a Currency Board Help Stabilise the Lebanese Economy?

Uwe Böwer

67: Digitalisation and Beyond: The COVID-19 Pandemic and Productivity Growth in G20 Countries

Gaetano D’Adamo, Maria Bianchi and Lucia Granelli

66: Making Egypt’s Post-COVID Growth Path More Sustainable

Uwe Böwer

65: Understanding the Croatian Export Boom

Kristian Orsini and Arian Perić

64: Can We Evaluate the Non-Price Competitiveness of French Products Based on Export Data?

Julien Burton and Magdalena Kizior

63: Puzzles in Non-Financial Corporate Sector Savings across the G20

Lucia Granelli, Martin Habet, Guergana Stanoeva, Gaetano D’Adamo and Robert Gampfer

62: The Role of Central and Eastern Europe in Global Value Chains: Evidence from Occupation-Level Employment Data

Gábor Márk Pellényi

61: Housing Affordability in Ireland

Maria Jose Doval Tedin and Violaine Faubert

60: Budget System in Poland: Challenges and Ongoing Reforms

Bartłomiej Wiczewski

59: Labour Tax and Child Benefits Reform in Lithuania: For Better or Worse?

Aurelija Anciūtė, Viginta Ivaškaitė-Tamošiūnė, Anamaria Maftei and Janos Varga

58: Portugal’s Performance after the Macroeconomic Adjustment Programme

Christian Weise

57: Labour Tax Shift in Slovenia: Effects on Growth, Equality and Labour Supply

Karolina Gralek, Silvia De Poli, Philipp Pfeiffer, Sara Riscado and Wouter van der Wielen

56: The Economic Benefits of Improving Efficiency in Public Spending on Education in the European Union

Peter Voigt, Anna Thum-Thysen and Wouter Simons

55: Euro-US Dollar Exchange Rate Dynamics at the Effective Lower Bound

Eric McCoy

54: Facing the Digital Transformation: Are Digital Skills Enough?

Maria-Chiara Morandini, Anna Thum-Thysen and Anneleen Vandeplas

53: Income, Wealth and Intergenerational Inequality in the Netherlands

Emiel Afman

52: Transition to Industry 4.0 in the Visegrád Countries

Septimiu Szabo

51: Why Has Labour Market Participation Not Fully Recovered in Ireland since the Recession?

Violaine Faubert

50: Labour Taxation in Romania: Revised, but not changed

Wojciech Balcerowicz, Anamaria Maftei and Janos Varga

49: Mortgage Tax Reforms in Sweden: Scope for a Double Dividend?

Isabelle Justo, Julien Hartley, Fidel Picos and Sara Riscado

48: Pension Reform in Sweden: Sustainability and Adequacy of Public Pensions

Hanna Aspegren, Jorge Durán and Maarten Masselink

47: Croatia's Tourism Industry – Part 2: Curse or Blessing?

Kristian Orsini and Mario Pletikosa

46: Can Lebanon Defy Gravity Forever?

Uwe Böwer

45: Automatic Fiscal Stabilisers in the EU: Size and Effectiveness

Philipp Mohl, Gilles Mourre and Klara Stovicek

44: Wage Dynamics in Romania

Gaetano D'Adamo, Nora Hesse, Julien Hartley and Nicolae Bîea

43: FDI and Investment Uncertainty in the Baltics

Jorge Durán

42: Foreign Direct Investment in the Czech Republic: A Visegrád Comparison

Septimiu Szabo

41: Improving the Cost-Effectiveness of Slovakia's Healthcare System

Robert Kuenzel and Vladimir Solanič

40: A Comparative View of Motor Vehicle Production in France

Carlos Maravall-Rodríguez and Anna Chiara Küffel

39: The Effect of Taxes and Benefits Reforms on Poverty and Inequality in Latvia

Viginta Ivaškaitė-Tamošiūnė, Virginia Maestri, Janis Malzubris, Aurélien Poissonnier and Anneleen Vandeplas

38: Housing Market Developments in Cyprus

Leonor Coutinho, Julien Castiaux, Jean-Charles Bricongne and Nicolas Philiponnet

37: Iceland: High Growth, Low Inflation and Current Account Surpluses: What's behind this Remarkable Performance?

Bernhard Boehm and Ivan Kusen

36: Croatia’s Tourism Industry: Beyond the Sun and Sea

Kristian Orsini and Vukašin Ostojić

35: Identifying Priority Service Sectors for Reforms in France

Magdalena Kizior, Dominique Simonis, Edouard Turkisch and Irene Vlachaki

34: Economic Convergence in the Czech Republic and Slovakia

Michal Havlat, David Havrlant, Robert Kuenzel and Allen Monks

33: Understanding the Weakness in Global Trade

Przemyslaw Wozniak and Malgorzata Galar

32: An Assessment of the 'Crédit d'Impôt pour la Compétitivité et l'Emploi' and the 'Pacte de Responsabilité et Solidarité'

Matthias Burgert, Lucia Granelli and Hans Naudts

31: Nordic Heat Wave: Recent Housing Market Developments in Denmark and Sweden

Norbert Gaál

30: Personal Income Taxation in Austria: What do the Reform Measures Mean for the budget, Labour Market Incentives and Income Distribution?

Viginta Ivaškaitė-Tamošiūnė, Alexander Leodolter and Marie-Luise Schmitz

29: What Drives Croatia's High Import Dependence?

Kristian Orsini

28: Personal Income Tax in Ireland: The Future of the Universal Social Charge

Peter McQuade, Sara Riscado and Stefano Santacroce

27: The Dutch Budgetary Framework and the European Fiscal Rules

Hauke Vierke and Maarten Masselink

26: Taxation of Company Cars in Belgium – Room to Reduce their Favourable Treatment

Savina Princen

25: Recent Supply and Demand Developments in the German Housing Market

Juliana Dahl and Malgorzata Goralczyk

24: The Baltics: Three Countries, One Economy?

Aurélien Poissonnier

23: Assessment of the Plausibility of the Output Gap Estimates

Atanas Hristov, Rafal Raciborski and Valerie Vandermeulen

22: On Econometrics with a Human Face and Business Cycles: A Reply to Fioramanti and Waldmann's Criticism on the EU’s NAWRU Methodology

Atanas Hristov and Werner Roeger