The Environmental Kuznets Curve: a Survey of the Literature

Simone Borghesi

No 1999.85, Working Papers from Fondazione Eni Enrico Mattei

Abstract: In the last few years, several studies have found an inverted-U relationship between per capita income and environmental degradation. This relationship, known as the environmental Kuznets curve (EKC), suggests that environmental degradation increases in the early stages of growth, but it eventually decreases as income exceeds a threshold level. The present paper reviews both early and recent contributions on this subject, discussing whether and to what extent such a curve can be empirically observed, and the policy implications that derive from the empirical evidence

Keywords: Environmental Kuznets Curve; Growth; Pollution (search for similar items in EconPapers)
JEL-codes: C23 O5 Q2 Q25 Q32 (search for similar items in EconPapers)
Date: 1999-10
References: View references in EconPapers View complete reference list from CitEc
Citations: View citations in EconPapers (59)

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