Foreign Ownership, Exporting and Gender Wage Gaps: Evidence from Japanese Linked Employer-Employee Data

Theresa Greaney and Ayumu Tanaka

No 202025, Working Papers from University of Hawaii at Manoa, Department of Economics

Abstract: We explore potential relationships between international economic activities and gender wage gaps (GWGs) using linked employer-employee data for Japan. We find evidence that exporting and multinational activities are associated with reduced GWGs. Domestic-owned firms that neither export nor invest abroad (i.e., domestic-only firms) report the largest GWG, followed by Japanese-owned multinational enterprises(JMNE), then by locally-owned exporters that do not invest abroad and finally by foreign-owned multinational enterprises (FMNE). We separate FMNE by mode of entry and confirm that FMNE established by greenfield investment deviate more than FMNE established by merger and acquisition from domestic-only firms in terms of wages. Greenfield- born FMNE are associated with the smallest GWG and largest gender- neutral wage premium among the firm types. The estimated GWG among Greenfield-born FMNE is almost 12 percentage-points lower than the 26.8 percent prevailing at domestic-only firms.

Keywords: gender wage gap; wage premium; exporters; multinational enterprises (search for similar items in EconPapers)
JEL-codes: F14 F16 J31 (search for similar items in EconPapers)
Date: 2020-12
New Economics Papers: this item is included in nep-int and nep-isf
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http://www.economics.hawaii.edu/research/workingpapers/WP_20-25.pdf First version, 2020 (application/pdf)

Related works:
Journal Article: Foreign Ownership, Exporting and Gender Wage Gaps: Evidence from Japanese Linked Employer-Employee Data (2021)
Working Paper: Foreign Ownership, Exporting and Gender Wage Gaps: Evidence from Japanese Linked Employer-Employee Data (2021)
Working Paper: Foreign Ownership, Exporting and Gender Wage Gaps: Evidence from Japanese Linked Employer-Employee Data (2020)
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