Multi-scales and multi-sites analyses of the role of rainfall in cotton yields in West Africa

Benjamin Sultan (), Marthe Bella-Medjo Tsogo, Alexis Berg, Philippe Quirion and Serge Janicot ()
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Benjamin Sultan: LOCEAN - Laboratoire d'Océanographie et du Climat : Expérimentations et Approches Numériques - IPSL - Institut Pierre-Simon-Laplace - ENS-PSL - École normale supérieure - Paris - PSL - Université Paris Sciences et Lettres - UVSQ - Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines - UPMC - Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 - CEA - Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives - INSU - CNRS - Institut national des sciences de l'Univers - X - École polytechnique - IP Paris - Institut Polytechnique de Paris - CNES - Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] - CNRS - Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique - MNHN - Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle - IRD - Institut de Recherche pour le Développement - UPMC - Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 - INSU - CNRS - Institut national des sciences de l'Univers - CNRS - Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique
Marthe Bella-Medjo Tsogo: LOCEAN - Laboratoire d'Océanographie et du Climat : Expérimentations et Approches Numériques - IPSL - Institut Pierre-Simon-Laplace - ENS-PSL - École normale supérieure - Paris - PSL - Université Paris Sciences et Lettres - UVSQ - Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines - UPMC - Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 - CEA - Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives - INSU - CNRS - Institut national des sciences de l'Univers - X - École polytechnique - IP Paris - Institut Polytechnique de Paris - CNES - Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] - CNRS - Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique - MNHN - Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle - IRD - Institut de Recherche pour le Développement - UPMC - Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 - INSU - CNRS - Institut national des sciences de l'Univers - CNRS - Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique
Alexis Berg: LOCEAN - Laboratoire d'Océanographie et du Climat : Expérimentations et Approches Numériques - IPSL - Institut Pierre-Simon-Laplace - ENS-PSL - École normale supérieure - Paris - PSL - Université Paris Sciences et Lettres - UVSQ - Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines - UPMC - Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 - CEA - Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives - INSU - CNRS - Institut national des sciences de l'Univers - X - École polytechnique - IP Paris - Institut Polytechnique de Paris - CNES - Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] - CNRS - Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique - MNHN - Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle - IRD - Institut de Recherche pour le Développement - UPMC - Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 - INSU - CNRS - Institut national des sciences de l'Univers - CNRS - Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique
Serge Janicot: LOCEAN - Laboratoire d'Océanographie et du Climat : Expérimentations et Approches Numériques - IPSL - Institut Pierre-Simon-Laplace - ENS-PSL - École normale supérieure - Paris - PSL - Université Paris Sciences et Lettres - UVSQ - Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines - UPMC - Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 - CEA - Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives - INSU - CNRS - Institut national des sciences de l'Univers - X - École polytechnique - IP Paris - Institut Polytechnique de Paris - CNES - Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] - CNRS - Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique - MNHN - Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle - IRD - Institut de Recherche pour le Développement - UPMC - Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 - INSU - CNRS - Institut national des sciences de l'Univers - CNRS - Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique

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Abstract: Cotton is the main tradable crop of West and Central African countries, representing for some countries the main exported agricultural product. Cotton is then of major concern since it represents an important source of income, accounting for more than a tenth of total exports. Moreover, the subsector as a whole is essential for rural poverty reduction. Since cotton is a rainfed crop in these Countries, its yield is closely related to climate, in particular to rainfall variability. The objective of this study is to point out the role of rainfall variability in cotton yields. Our approach consists in taking two completely different sites in the analysis of the climate-yields relationships, i.e. an experimental plot in Mali with a long-term historical yield-survey and farmers' yields in 28 administrative units in Cameroon. We found that the same rainfall parameters (rainy season onset and length) are major drivers for the year-to-year and the spatial distribution of cotton productivity, even if the role of rainfall variability is strongly reduced in farmers' exploitations where other non-climatic factors such as human management, biotic stresses, pests, etc., impact crop productivity. The link between rainfall and cotton yields seems to depend oil the mean climate since the driest cotton areas in Cameroon are the most sensitive to climate variability. The coherence of the results from the two very different situations gives us some confidence in the generalization of our findings to the whole West and Central Africa. Our study shows also that the aggregation of yield data from the local scale to the national scale tends to smooth the non-climatic variability and highlight the role of climate in the year-to-year variability of cotton yields. These results are important in working towards the predictability of crop yields using rainfall information, in particular to highlight the most salient rainfall parameters that are needed in a forecast system. Copyright (C) 2009 Royal Meteorological Society

Date: 2010
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Citations: View citations in EconPapers (9)

Published in International Journal of Climatology, 2010, 30 (1), pp.58--71. ⟨10.1002/joc.1872⟩

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Persistent link: https://EconPapers.repec.org/RePEc:hal:journl:hal-00715552

DOI: 10.1002/joc.1872

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