Trade policy coordination and food price volatility

Christophe Gouel

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Abstract: Many countries adjust their trade policies counter-cyclically with food prices, to the extent that the use of restrictions by food-exporting countries has occasionally threatened the food security of food-importing countries. These trade policies are inconsistent with the terms-of-trade motivation often retained to characterize the payoff frontier of self-enforcing trade agreements, as they can worsen the terms of trade of the countries that apply them. This article analyzes trade policy coordination when trade policies are driven by terms-of-trade effects and a desire to reduce domestic food price volatility. This framework implies that importing and exporting countries have incentives to deviate from cooperation at different periods: the latter when prices are high and the former when prices are low. Since staple food prices tend to have asymmetric distributions, with more prices below than above the mean but with occasional spikes, a self-enforcing agreement generates asymmetric outcomes. Without cooperation, an importing country uses its trade policy more frequently because of the concentration of prices below the mean, but an exporting country has a greater incentive to deviate from a cooperative trade policy because positive deviations from the mean price are larger than negative ones. Thus, the asymmetry of the distribution of commodity prices can make it more difficult to discipline export taxes than tariffs in trade agreements.

Keywords: Commodity price stabilization; Export restrictions; Food security; Repeated game; wto; pricing policies; organisation mondiale du commerce; prix alimentaire; exportation; politique des prix (search for similar items in EconPapers)
Date: 2016
New Economics Papers: this item is included in nep-agr and nep-int
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Published in American Journal of Agricultural Economics, 2016, 98 (4), pp.1018-1037. ⟨10.1093/ajae/aaw020⟩

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Related works:
Journal Article: Trade Policy Coordination and Food Price Volatility (2016)
Working Paper: Trade Policy Coordination and Food Price Volatility (2015)
Working Paper: Trade policy coordination and food price volatility (2014)
Working Paper: Trade Policy Coordination and Food Price Volatility (2014)
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Persistent link: https://EconPapers.repec.org/RePEc:hal:journl:hal-01532572

DOI: 10.1093/ajae/aaw020

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