Gossip and reputation in everyday life

Terence Daniel das Dores Cruz, Isabel Thielmann, Simon Columbus, Catherine Molho, Junhui Wu, Francesca Righetti, Reinout de Vries, Antonis Koutsoumpis, Paul A. M. Van Lange, Bianca Beersma and Daniel Balliet
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Catherine Molho: IAST - Institute for Advanced Study in Toulouse

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Abstract: Gossip—a sender communicating to a receiver about an absent third party—is hypothesized to impact reputation formation, partner selection, and cooperation. Laboratory experiments have found that people gossip about others' cooperativeness and that they use gossip to condition their cooperation. Here, we move beyond the laboratory and test several predictions from theories of indirect reciprocity and reputation-based partner selection about the content of everyday gossip and how people use it to update the reputation of others in their social network. In a Dutch community sample (N = 309), we sampled daily events in which people either sent or received gossip about a target over 10 days (ngossip = 5284). Gossip senders frequently shared information about targets' cooperativeness and did so in ways that minimize potential retaliation from targets. Receivers overwhelmingly believed gossip to be true and updated their evaluation of targets based on gossip. In turn, a positive shift in the evaluation of a target was associated with higher intentions to help them in future interactions, and with lower intentions to avoid them in the future. Thus, gossip is used in daily life to impact and update reputations in a way that enables partner selection and indirect reciprocity.

Date: 2021-11
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Published in Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences, 2021, vol.376 (n°1838), ⟨10.1098/rstb.2020.0301⟩

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Persistent link: https://EconPapers.repec.org/RePEc:hal:journl:hal-03374420

DOI: 10.1098/rstb.2020.0301

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