Interaction Effects in Cross-Lagged Panel Models: SEM with Latent Interactions Applied to Work-Family Conflict, Job Satisfaction, and Gender

Ozlem Ozkok, Manuel Vaulont, Michael Zyphur, Zhen Zhang, Kristopher Preacher, Peter Koval and Yixia Zheng
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Ozlem Ozkok: ESC [Rennes] - ESC Rennes School of Business
Manuel Vaulont: HKUST - Hong Kong University of Science and Technology
Michael Zyphur: University of Melbourne
Zhen Zhang: SMU - Southern Methodist University [Dallas, TX, USA]
Kristopher Preacher: Vanderbilt University [Nashville]
Peter Koval: University of Melbourne
Yixia Zheng: University of Melbourne

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Abstract: Researchers often combine longitudinal panel data analysis with tests of interactions (i.e., moderation). A popular example is the cross-lagged panel model (CLPM). However, interaction tests in CLPMs and related models require caution because stable (i.e., between-level, B) and dynamic (i.e., within-level, W) sources of variation are present in longitudinal data, which can conflate estimates of interaction effects. We address this by integrating literature on CLPMs, multilevel moderation, and latent interactions. Distinguishing stable B and dynamic W parts, we describe three types of interactions that are of interest to researchers: 1) purely dynamic or WxW; 2) cross-level or BxW; and 3) purely stable or BxB. We demonstrate estimating latent interaction effects in a CLPM using a Bayesian SEM in Mplus to apply relationships among work-family conflict and job satisfaction, using gender as a stable B variable. We support our approach via simulations, demonstrating that our proposed CLPM approach is superior to a traditional CLPMs that conflate B and W sources of variation. We describe higher-order nonlinearities as a possible extension, and we discuss limitations and future research directions.

Date: 2022-12-31
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Published in Economic Research-Ekonomska Istraživanja, 2022, 35 (1), pp.4280-4299. ⟨10.1177/10944281211043733⟩

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Persistent link: https://EconPapers.repec.org/RePEc:hal:journl:hal-03879663

DOI: 10.1177/10944281211043733

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