Is religiousness a protective resource? A 15-year longitudinal analysis of the link between religious engagement and life-satisfaction across income levels

Pinar Celik, Martin Storme, Ana Camargo and Melvyn R.W. Hamstra
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Pinar Celik: IÉSEG School Of Management [Puteaux]
Martin Storme: LEM - Lille économie management - UMR 9221 - UA - Université d'Artois - UCL - Université catholique de Lille - ULCO - Université du Littoral Côte d'Opale - Université de Lille - CNRS - Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique
Ana Camargo: IÉSEG School Of Management [Puteaux]
Melvyn R.W. Hamstra: LEM - Lille économie management - UMR 9221 - UA - Université d'Artois - UCL - Université catholique de Lille - ULCO - Université du Littoral Côte d'Opale - Université de Lille - CNRS - Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique

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Abstract: Many researchers have argued that religiousness serves as a protective resource in the face of adversity. To examine this assumption, we conducted cross-lagged temporal analyses on yearly measured panel responses over a 15-year period and examined the effect of religiousness on life-satisfaction across different income levels. Overall, we found no support for the assumption that religiousness serves as a protective resource. While we did find positive associations between religiousness and life-satisfaction in particular among low-income individuals, we observed these effects only at the between-person level. At the within-person level, temporal effects were small and their directions were not consistent with what would be expected if religion were a protective mechanism that helps coping with adversity. Implications are discussed.

Date: 2025-11
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Published in Personality and Individual Differences, 2025, 246, pp.113351. ⟨10.1016/j.paid.2025.113351⟩

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Persistent link: https://EconPapers.repec.org/RePEc:hal:journl:hal-05376697

DOI: 10.1016/j.paid.2025.113351

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