Artificial Intelligence and Fragile Democracy in West Africa: Between Digital Repression and Citizen Mobilization

INTELLIGENCE ARTIFICIELLE ET DEMOCRATIE FRAGILE EN AFRIQUE DE L'OUEST: entre répression numérique et mobilisation citoyenne

Etienne Fakaba Sissoko () and Khalid Dembele
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Etienne Fakaba Sissoko: Université des sciences sociales et de gestion de Bamako - USSGB - Université des sciences sociales et de gestion de Bamako, CRAPES MALI - Centre de Recherche et d'Analyses Politiques, Economiques et Sociales du Mali, Faculté des Sciences économiques et de Gestion - USSGB - Université des sciences sociales et de gestion de Bamako
Khalid Dembele: USSGB - Université des sciences sociales et de gestion de Bamako

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Abstract: This article explores the ambivalence of artificial intelligence (AI) in the fragile democracies of West Africa, based on a qualitative study involving 385 participants in Mali, Burkina Faso, and Niger. It highlights a dual use of AI: as a tool of digital repression (surveillance, censorship, disinformation) and as a lever for citizen mobilization (fact-checking, mapping, diaspora activism). This tension confirms that AI can both reinforce authoritarianism and support democratic action. The article introduces two concepts: contradicted algorithmic sovereignty, referring to African states' structural dependence on foreign technologies; and algorithmic vulnerability, characterizing their increased exposure to digital manipulation. The study calls for an African regulatory framework on AI and for comparative, longitudinal research into its political uses in fragile contexts.

Keywords: Algorithmic governance; L86; Digital repression; Citizen mobilization; West Africa; Contradicted algorithmic sovereignty; Algorithmic vulnerability JEL Codes : C80; P48; Z18; P48 Artificial intelligence; O33; F50; Vulnérabilité algorithmique C80; Souveraineté algorithmique contrariée; Afrique de l'Ouest; Diaspora; Mobilisation citoyenne; Répression numérique; Gouvernance algorithmique; Intelligence artificielle; Intelligence artificielle Gouvernance algorithmique Répression numérique Mobilisation citoyenne Diaspora Afrique de l'Ouest Souveraineté algorithmique contrariée Vulnérabilité algorithmique C80 F50 L86 O33 P48 Artificial intelligence Algorithmic governance Digital repression Citizen mobilization Diaspora West Africa Contradicted algorithmic sovereignty Algorithmic vulnerability JEL Codes : C80 F50 L86 O33 P48 Z18 (search for similar items in EconPapers)
Date: 2025-10-07
Note: View the original document on HAL open archive server: https://hal.science/hal-05378820v1
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Published in 2025, ⟨10.38124/ijisrt/25oct151⟩

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Persistent link: https://EconPapers.repec.org/RePEc:hal:journl:hal-05378820

DOI: 10.38124/ijisrt/25oct151

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