The Emerging Structure of Impact Investing: Principles, Participation and Policy

Ramzi Benkraiem () and Emmanuelle Dubocage ()
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Ramzi Benkraiem: Audencia Business School
Emmanuelle Dubocage: EM - EMLyon Business School

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Abstract: Impact investing has evolved from a niche orientation into a sophisticated field that seeks to generate measurable social and environmental outcomes alongside financial returns. Yet despite its rapid growth, the field remains marked by epistemic instability: impact is difficult to define and to measure, a ambiguity that ultimately undermines the legitimacy and credibility of impact investing. This paper articulates a comprehensive synthesis drawing from the GIIN's State of the Market 2025 and Data, Direction and Decisions reports, the OECD's guidance on impact measurement, the OECD's analysis of ESG ratings, the GIIN/HSF briefing on EU sustainable finance policymaking, and the FAIR 2024 Guide pratique: Investissement à impact. Across these sources, an interesting architecture emerges in which impact investing is best understood as a hybrid institutional field, shaped by three interdependent forces: a stakeholder-centred social approach to value creation, the pursuit of data standardisation, and the institutionalisation of sustainability through regulation. Building on this architecture, the paper first clarifies the conceptual foundations of impact investing, then examines its relational and socially embedded nature, before analysing the methodological tensions of measurement and finally the regulatory dynamics shaping the field.

Keywords: Policy; Participation; Principles; Impact Investing (search for similar items in EconPapers)
Date: 2026-01
Note: View the original document on HAL open archive server: https://hal.science/hal-05537262v1
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Published in Journal of Innovation Economics & Management, 2026, 2026/1 (49), pp.251-256. ⟨10.3917/e.jie.049.0251⟩

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Persistent link: https://EconPapers.repec.org/RePEc:hal:journl:hal-05537262

DOI: 10.3917/e.jie.049.0251

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