How Gender Inequalities Hinder Development: Cross-Country Evidence

Gaëlle Ferrant ()
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Gaëlle Ferrant: CES - Centre d'économie de la Sorbonne - UP1 - Université Paris 1 Panthéon-Sorbonne - CNRS - Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique

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Abstract: This paper assumes that gender inequality hinders economic and human development : a one standard deviation change in the Gender Inequality Index (GII) will increase long term income per capita by 9,1% and Human Development Index (HDI) by 4%. Gender inequality may be a explanation of economic development differences : 16% of the long term income difference between South Asia and East Asia & Pacific can be accounted for by the difference in gender inequality. Moreover, this paper provides evidence of a vicious circle between gender inequality and long term income. The multi-dimensional concept of gender inequality is measured by a composite index with endogenous weightings : the Gender Inequality Index (GII). To correct endogeneity and simultaneity problems, the two-stage and three-stage least square methods are used separately. In this way, the steady state per capita income and the human development levels are estimated for 109 developing countries.

Keywords: Growth; Gender inequality; development economics.; Croissance; inégalité du genre; économie du développement. (search for similar items in EconPapers)
Date: 2011-02
Note: View the original document on HAL open archive server: https://shs.hal.science/halshs-00609828
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Published in 2011

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