Environmental Impacts of Genetically Modified Crops

Frederik Noack, Dennis Engist, Josephine Gantois, Vasundhara Gaur, Batoule F. Hyjazie, Ashley Larsen, Leithen K. M’gonigle, Anouch Missirian, Matin Qaim, Risa D. Sargent, Eduardo Souza-Rodrigues and Claire Kremen
Additional contact information
Frederik Noack: UBC - University of British Columbia [Canada]
Dennis Engist: UBC - University of British Columbia [Canada]
Josephine Gantois: UBC - University of British Columbia [Canada]
Vasundhara Gaur: New York University School of Law - NYU - NYU System
Batoule F. Hyjazie: UBC - University of British Columbia [Canada]
Ashley Larsen: UC - University of California
Leithen K. M’gonigle: SFU.ca - Simon Fraser University = Université Simon Fraser
Anouch Missirian: TSE-R - Toulouse School of Economics - UT Capitole - Université Toulouse Capitole - Comue de Toulouse - Communauté d'universités et établissements de Toulouse - EHESS - École des hautes études en sciences sociales - CNRS - Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique - INRAE - Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement
Risa D. Sargent: UBC - University of British Columbia [Canada]
Eduardo Souza-Rodrigues: University of Toronto
Claire Kremen: UBC - University of British Columbia [Canada]

Working Papers from HAL

Abstract: Genetically modified (GM) crops have been adopted by some of the world's leading agricultural nations, but the full extent of their environmental impacts remains largely unknown. While concerns about the direct environmental effects of GM crops have declined, GM crops have led to indirect changes in agricultural practices, including pesticide use, agricultural expansion, and cropping patterns with profound environmental implications. Recent studies paint a nuanced picture of these environmental impacts, with mixed effects of GM crop adoption on biodiversity, deforestation, and human health that vary with the GM trait and geographic scale. New GM or gene-edited crops with different traits would likely have different environmental and human health impacts.

Date: 2025-10-24
Note: View the original document on HAL open archive server: https://hal.science/hal-05329243v1
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Related works:
Working Paper: Environmental Impacts of Genetically Modified Crops (2025)
Working Paper: Environmental impacts of genetically modified crops (2024)
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