Blockchain and Health Data: Legal Issues and Regulatory Perspectives

Blockchain et Données de Santé: Enjeux Juridiques et Perspectives Régulatoires

Céline Gauthier-Maxence () and Carine Milcent ()
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Céline Gauthier-Maxence: PSE - Paris School of Economics - UP1 - Université Paris 1 Panthéon-Sorbonne - ENS-PSL - École normale supérieure - Paris - PSL - Université Paris Sciences et Lettres - EHESS - École des hautes études en sciences sociales - CNRS - Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique - INRAE - Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement - ENPC - École nationale des ponts et chaussées - IP Paris - Institut Polytechnique de Paris
Carine Milcent: PSE - Paris School of Economics - UP1 - Université Paris 1 Panthéon-Sorbonne - ENS-PSL - École normale supérieure - Paris - PSL - Université Paris Sciences et Lettres - EHESS - École des hautes études en sciences sociales - CNRS - Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique - INRAE - Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement - ENPC - École nationale des ponts et chaussées - IP Paris - Institut Polytechnique de Paris

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Abstract: The use of blockchain in healthcare is attracting growing interest due to its ability to guarantee the integrity, traceability, and transparency of sensitive data processing. However, its integration into a legal environment strictly regulated by the GDPR and French healthcare data law faces major tensions: immutability versus the right to erasure, decentralization versus legal responsibility, transparency versus medical confidentiality. After reviewing the legal obstacles, this article proposes a series of regulatory adjustments aimed at making the use of distributed ledgers in healthcare legally viable. It calls for dedicated governance, a functional interpretation of rights, and regulation by design in order to reconcile technological innovation with the protection of fundamental rights.

Keywords: Blockchain; Données de santé; RGPD; Droit à l'effacement; Responsabilité; Smart contracts; Interopérabilité (search for similar items in EconPapers)
Date: 2025-10-30
Note: View the original document on HAL open archive server: https://hal.science/hal-05394171v1
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