Digital transformations in developing economies: From the first-mile infrastructure to the end-user finger tips

Joël Cariolle ()
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Joël Cariolle: FERDI - Fondation pour les Etudes et Recherches sur le Développement International, CERDI - Centre d'Études et de Recherches sur le Développement International - IRD - Institut de Recherche pour le Développement - CNRS - Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique - UCA - Université Clermont Auvergne

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Abstract: This paper reviews the concepts, mechanisms, and empirical evidence on the diffusion of digital technologies (DTs) in developing economies, focusing on the distinct infrastructural layers of connectivity-from first-mile submarine cables to last-mile mobile and broadband networks. It examines how infrastructure gaps, usage disparities, and technological divides shape digitalization pathways and their socio-economic impacts, with a particular emphasis on lower-income regions like Sub-Saharan Africa. The analysis highlights how submarine cables reduce connectivity costs and expand Internet access, yet also reveals uneven benefits due to limited absorptive capacity and new digital vulnerabilities. By synthesizing evidence on rural mobile coverage, urban Internet spillovers, and trade integration, the paper emphasizes the need for coordinated policies to bridge digital divides and foster inclusive digital transformation.

Keywords: F63; O55; L96; O33; Africa. JEL Codes: O14; mobile networks; submarine cable; infrastructure; mobile; internet; connectivity; digital technologies; digital technologies connectivity internet mobile infrastructure submarine cable mobile networks Africa. JEL Codes: O14 O33 L96 O55 F63 (search for similar items in EconPapers)
Date: 2026-02
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