Fertility response to climate shocks

Sylvain Dessy, Francesca Marchetta, Roland Pongou and Luca Tiberti
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Sylvain Dessy: ULaval - Université Laval [Québec]

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Abstract: In communities highly dependent on rainfed agriculture for their livelihoods, the common oc-currence of climatic shocks such as droughts can lower the opportunity cost of having children, and raise fertility. Using longitudinal household data from Madagascar, we estimate the causal effect of drought occurrences on fertility, and explore the nature of potential mechanisms driving this effect. We exploit exogenous within-district year-to-year variation in rainfall deficits, and find that droughts occurring during the agricultural season significantly increase the number of children born to women living in agrarian communities. This effect is long lasting, as it is not reversed within four years following the drought occurrence. Analyzing the mechanism, we find that droughts have no effect on common underlying factors of high fertility such as marriage timing and child mortality. Furthermore, droughts have no significant effect on fertility if they occur during the non-agricultural season or in non-agrarian communities, and their positive effect in agrarian communities is mitigated by irrigation. These findings provide evidence that a low opportunity cost of having children is the main channel driving the fertility effect of drought in agrarian communities.

Keywords: Climatic shocks; Droughts; Agricultural season; Opportunity cost of children; Fertility; Irrigation (search for similar items in EconPapers)
Date: 2019-03-01
New Economics Papers: this item is included in nep-agr, nep-dem and nep-env
Note: View the original document on HAL open archive server: https://shs.hal.science/halshs-02053100
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Related works:
Working Paper: Fertility response to climate shocks (2019)
Working Paper: Fertility Response to Climate Shocks (2019)
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