Racial Inequality in France

Yajna Govind, Paolo Santini and Ellora Derenoncourt ()
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Yajna Govind: CBS - Copenhagen Business School [Copenhagen]
Paolo Santini: CBS - Copenhagen Business School [Copenhagen]
Ellora Derenoncourt: Princeton University

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Abstract: We study racial inequality in 21 st century France. Using parents' nationality at birth, we overcome the lack of ethno-racial statistics stemming from the country's "color-blind" approach. We document substantial earnings penalties for racial minorities along the income distribution. Penalties are larger at the median than the top and for Middle-Eastern and North African (MENA) and Sub-Saharan African origin (Black) individuals. We compare racial inequality in France vs. the U.S. by simulating where French minorities would fall in the U.S. distribution. Black and Non-White individuals in France benefit from the country's lower overall inequality, but experience comparable, occasionally larger, rank gaps.

Date: 2025-10
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